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Ex. 9. Make up sentences paying attention to the word order.
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1. greater speed, enable, individuals, with, technological innovations, commodities, and, to move.
2. responsible, the rates and routes, Federal agencies, for, are, international carriers, of.
3. freight, of destination, the point, the, unloaded, by the consignee, at, is.
4. transit time, are, and theft, loss, considerably, expense, reduced.
5. stabilize, costs, containerization, also, may, transport.
6. to encourage, the “container revolution”, much, international trade, has done.
7. movements, international, special importance, is, of, the growth, multimodal, of.
Ex. 10. Match the beginnings of the sentences with their endings.
| 1. Interdependency between nations was promoted by … | a) by Federal agencies. |
| 2. Technological innovations provide … | b) rail transport and motor carriage. |
| 3. The rates and routes of international carriers are regulated … | c) contractual agreements. |
| 4. Individual commodities are loaded onto the trailer or container … | d) it produces greater energy efficiency in transportation. |
| 5. Container traffic is profitable because … | e) higher speeds and greater comfort. |
| 6. Piggyback service combines the advantages of … | f) was authorized by the Interstate Commerce Act. |
| 7. The establishment of through routes and joint rates between motor and rail carriers … | g) increasing profitability. |
| 8. Large multi-modal companies work under … | h) increased commercial activity. |
| 9. Intermodal traffic is aimed at … | i) creating new types of service, lowering rates, reducing costs, etc. |
| 10. There are great changes in transportation thanks to …. | j) by the consignor. |
Ex. 11. Translate paragraphs 3 and 6 into Russian. Do it in written form. Check your translating speed.
Additional text 1
Read the following text and translate it into Russian. Do it in written form. Use the terminological dictionary provided at the end of the present textbook.
Advantages of a Unified Intermodal Network
By integrating the separate transportation modes into a unified intermodal network, transportation can not only meet the economic and mobility needs of a society, but it can also solve the problems of pollution, congestion, safety, and energy consumption. The strengths and weaknesses of each mode should be identified, means must be developed to minimize negative impacts and maximize strengths. An efficient and integrated transportation system should be established that provides steady economic growth.
Each mode has its advantages in terms of* speed, range, efficiency, and energy consumption. Generally speaking, light rail transit works well within a range of about 50 kilometers. Automobiles work well within 100 kilometers. Intercity rail transportation has inherent strengths within a range of approximately 500 kilometers. And air transportation works well at distances beyond that.
To enjoy advantages of various modes of transportation, each must be available to users, and each should be seamlessly connected to one another. A passenger stepping off an aircraft should be able to proceed to baggage claim, and there catch a bus or train to the city centre, or an intercity train to another city. A container offloaded from an ocean vessel should be moved expeditiously and directly to an over-the-road trailer or rail car for its movement to the final destination.
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The advantages of one mode of transportation should not be mutilate** by the inefficiencies of another. The primary advantage of air transportation, for example, is speed. It must be remembered that time is man’s most important commodity. However, because of frequent traffic jams more time can be consumed on the ground than in the air. Surface transit times between Don Muang Airport and central Bangkok, for example, can consume several hours. Transportation movements are from origin to destination, and are the sum of the time consumed by each mode in the through intermodal movement, plus the waiting time between modes. Time is money. And money should be made and saved, not wasted.
An efficient transportation system in a competitive economic environment requires that each mode moves as expeditiously as possible, that each modal network is seamlessly connected to every other network, and that distance and waiting time between modes are reduced. The comfort and convenience facilitated by intermodal transportation planning will guarantee that the use of each mode is based on its advantages of cost, speed, and price.
Notes: * in terms of – зд.: что касается;
**to mutilate – ослаблять.
Additional text 2
Translate the following text into English. Do it in written form.
Исследования в области интермодальных перевозок
Работая вместе с общественным и частным секторами, министр транспорта должен разработать программу, которая покажет потенциальные преимущества системы интермодальных перевозок. Эта система поможет повысить производительность, эффективность и обеспечит надежность перевозок.
Директор Управления по развитию интермодальных перевозок при Министерстве транспорта США (the Director of the DOT Office of Intermodalism) отвечает за координацию [деятельности] государственных исследовательских центров по [развитию] интермодальных перевозок.
Статистическое управление Министерства транспорта (the DOT’s Bureau of Transportation Statistics) разрабатывает план, включающий анализ работы отдельных (individual) видов транспорта в системе интермодальных перевозок. Это управление должно создать и поддерживать базу данных, которая содержит информацию об объеме грузовых и пассажирских перевозок, а также информацию о затратах каждого вида транспорта.
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· Конгресс США потребовал осуществить выполнение нескольких важных программ [касающихся] развития интермодальных перевозок.
· Необходимо обеспечить наиболее удобные и экономичные способы пересадки (transferring), например, с поезда на корабль или с поезда на автобус.
· Интеграция высокоскоростного наземного транспорта с другими видами перевозок является очень важной.
· Необходимо поддерживать научные исследования и внедрение передовых технология и современных транспортных средств.
· Особое внимание необходимо уделить вопросам законодательства (legislation). Вся деятельность должна осуществляться согласно законам.
· Министр транспорта несет ответственность за разработку плана по модернизации подъездов (connectors) к основным портам, аэропортам, автовокзалам, железнодорожным станциям.
Lesson NINE
Ex. 1. Practice the reading of the following words and phrases:
application, centralized, dispatcher, implementation, computerized, modification, interlocking, prerequisite, occupancy, configure, simultaneously, ubiquitous;
wired network, hard-wired circuitry, supervisory control, data acquisition, graphical interfacing, highly simplified, processor-based.
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