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Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.




I (feel) rather poor lately, so this morning at nine I (go) to the doctor. I (find) him alone in his waiting room, where he (stand) by the window.

“Where (be) your patients? You (cure) them all?” I (ask).

“The reason why people (not, crowd) into this room now is that on Wednesday I (not, begin) consultations here until half past ten. Such (be) my habit for the last twenty-five years.”

“I’m sorry I (come) too early,” I (say). “I (go away) and (come back) later.

“Oh, no. I (prefer) early patients to late ones. In the course of my practice I (notice) that late comers (visit) the doctor because they (need) some sympathy. They are like a dog that once (come) here with a sore paw; I (bandage) it for him and while I (do) this he (look at) me with great lonely eyes. He (come back) the next day and every day until his paw (become) well. I (find out) that his master (go away). The dog is old now but he still (come).

 

4. Choose the correct item

 

1. How long.... here?

A) you live B) do you live

C) have you lived D) are you living

2. She …for 12 hours before she finished everything.

A) had been working B) has been working

C) is working D) has worked

3. When I was a child I… running every day.

A) have gone B) used to go

C)was going D) had gone

4. What at 10 o'clock last night?

A) have you done B) were you doing

C)have you been doing D) had you done

5..He hasn't left the office,,,

A) yet B) before

C) just D) already

6. They will have finished 8 o'clock.

A) until B) by the time

C)since D) by

7. I'm afraid I............ to come to the party.

A) don't go B) won't

C) won't be able D) can't

8. "You look slimmer." "Yes. I 12 kilos."

A) had lost B) lost

C)have been losing D) have lost

9. "I'm having trouble with this exercise." "Don't worry. I… you."

A) have helped B) am going to help

C) helped D)'II help

10. "Have you ever been to China?" "Yes, I… there in 1990."

A) have gone B) went

C)have been going D) have been

11. "How long have you worked here?"

"By the end of the month I here for three years."

A) 'II work B) 'm going to work

С) 'II have been working D) 'II be working

12. "We'll need some cola for the party." "I… some."

A) buy B) will have bought

C) 've already bought D) had bought

13. "I need to give a message to Susan."

"I..................... her at the office this afternoon."

A) see B) have seen

С) 'II have seen D) 'II be seeing

14."Have you ever met a famous person?" "Yes, I… Maria Callas once."

A) have met B) met

C)meet D) have been meeting

15. "What's wrong with Lynda?" "She problems at work lately."

A) has been having B) will have

C)was having D) 'II be having

16. "How long have you been working here?" … " 6 months."

A) Since B) For

C)From D) Ago

17. "How long does it take you to write a novel?"

"By December I… on this one for 3 years."

A) will work B) will have been working

C) will be working D) am going to work

 

5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

One day a little Indian boy 1) was sitting (sit) outside his wigwam. He 2) (wonder) how the Indians 3) (choose) their children's names. He 4).................. (decide) to

go and ask the Indian Chief. "Well," 5)...(explain) the Chief, "we 6)...(love) nature and when a new baby 7)... (be) born, we 8)...(look) around and we 9)................. (choose) a name from what we 10)...(see), like Flowing Waterfall. Bright Star. Running Bull and so on. 11)...(you/understand)?" "Yes, chief," the little Indian boy said. "Why 12)... (you/be) so interested in this, Two Dogs Fighting?", the Chief asked.

 

6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.

Sammy Milton 1)...is not.. (not/be) very clever. He 2) (walk) along the beach one day when he 3) (trip) over something and 4) (fall) on the sand. He 5) (not/look) where he was going. "What 6) (be) this?" he said, picking up the object he 7) (trip) over. "I 8) (never/see) anything like it before." It was, in fact, a very old oil lamp, and as he 9) (rub) it, a genie suddenly 10) (fly) out of it. "You 11) (just/release) me from the lamp!" said the genie. "Now you may have three wishes." "Great" said Sammy who 12) (feel) very thirsty. "113) (want) a bottle of lemonade that never 14) (run out)." "No problem." said the genie, and 15) (produce) one instantly. Sammy picked up the bottle and 16) (drink) all the lemonade in one go. Magically, the bottle 17) (fill) itself up again. Sammy drank all that, and exactly the same thing 18) (happen) again.

'That's amazing!" he said. "Thanks very much!" "You still 19) (have) two more wishes young man." 'That's easy." said Sammy. "I 20) (have) two more of these bottles of lemonade!"

 


Chapter II

Passive Voice

 

1. Страдательный залог показывает, что действие глагола – сказуемого направлено на лицо или предмет, выраженный подлежащим:

Some of the results were shown in a simplified form. Некоторые из результатов были показаны в упрощенной форме.

 

2. Passive voice образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени, лице, числе и Participle II смыслового глагола.

Сводная таблица форм глагола времен Simple, Progressive, Perfect (Active, Passive voice)

  Tense Active Passive
Simple Present ask asks
Past asked asked
Future be asked
Perfect Present been asked
Past had asked had been asked
Future have asked have been asked
Progressive Present being asked
Past asking being asked
Future be asking ––––––––

 


 

Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous   Future Simple Present Perfect Past Perfect Future Perfect   Present Infinitive   Perfect Infinitive   Gerund   Perfect Gerund   Models + be + p.p. They repair cars. They are repairing the car. They repaired the car. They were repairing the car.   They will repair the car. They have repaired the car. They had repaired the car. They will have repaired the car. They will have to repair the car. She ought to have repaired the car. He likes people admiring his new car. Having repaired the car,...   You must repair this car.   Cars are repaired. The car is being repaired. The car was repaired. The car was being repaired. The car will be repaired. The car has been repaired. The car had been repaired. The car will have been repaired. The car will have to be repaired. The car ought to have been repaired. He likes his new car being admired. The car having been repaired This car must be repaired

 

3. Поскольку Passive voice употребляется в английском языке гораздо чаще, чем в русском, он может переводиться на русский язык несколькими способами:

1) Кратким страдательным причастием прошедшего времени (с глаголом-связкой “ быть” или без неё).

2) Глаголом на -ся в соответствующем времени и числе.

3) Неопределенно-личным предложением, т.е. без подлежащего, с глаголом в 3-м лице множественного числа.

4) Глаголом в действительном залоге.

 

The experiments were made (by me) last year. Опыты были проведеныв прошлом году. Опыты проводилисьв прошлом году. Опыты проводилив прошлом году. Я провел опыты в прошлом году.

4. Некоторые особенности перевода Passive voice на русский язык.

Если глагол–сказуемое, стоящее в страдательном залоге, требует при переводе на русский язык соответствующего предлога, то при переводе подобных глаголов предлог ставится перед словом, являющимся в английском предложении подлежащим.


 

The first discovery was succeeded by many others. За первым открытием последовало много других.
The resistance to the flow of current is affected by one of four principal factors. На сопротивление прохождению тока воздействуетодин из четырех основных факторов.

Предлог, стоящий после глагола в страдательном залоге и не относящийся к следующим за ним словам, при переводе на русский язык ставится перед тем словом, которое в английском предложении является подлежащим:

 

The equipment was sent for. За оборудованием послали.
These rectifiers are usually spoken of as full-wave rectifiers. Об этих выпрямителях обычно говоряткак о двух полупериодных выпрямителях.

 

Сказуемое, стоящее в самом конце предложения без пояснительных слов, следует при переводе ставить перед подлежащим:

 

New methods of work will be applied. Будут применены новые методы работы.
A cathode of the indirectly heated type is used. Используется катод с косвенным накалом.

 

5. Особенности перевода фразеологических сочетаний типа take care of в страдательном залоге.

Такие сочетания представляют собой смысловое единство и при переводе обычно передаются или соответствующим глаголом, или эквивалентным сочетанием глагола с существительным. Например, make an attempt –попытаться, делать попытку

pay attention– обращать внимание

give attention – уделять внимание

make (an) effort – делать усилие, стараться

make mention (of) – упоминать о

make reference(to) – упоминать, ссылаться на

take account of – учитывать, принимать во внимание

take care of – заботится, стараться

Когда нужно привлечь внимание к самому действию, выраженному фразеологическим сочетанием, существительное выносится на первый план, а глагол принимает форму страдательного залога. Предложение переводится неопределенно – личным предложением:

 

Care must be taken to lower the temperature. Следует принять меры, чтобы понизить температуру.

 

Правильный перевод возможен только после того, как будет найдено фразеологическое сочетание и подобран к нему соответствующий русский эквивалент.

6. Предлог by + agent используется для обозначения того. кто произвел действие. Предлог with + instrument or material используется для обозначения того. чем произведено действие.

He was knocked down by a lorry. (The lorry did the action.)

The door was locked by a man with a key. (The key is the instrument the agent used.)

The cake was made with flour, sugar and eggs. (Flour, sugar and eggs are the materials the agent used.)

7. После модальных глаголов используется

be + past participle or have been + past participle.

They may close down the supermarket. The supermarket may be closed down. They may have reported the bank robbery, The bank robbery may have been reported.

Exercises

1. Translate into Russian:

1. People who speak Esperanto are internationally minded, concerned about social justice and peace.

2. The supervisory control system is a system that is placed on the top of a real-time control system.

3. Most site control is performed automatically by remote terminal units.

4. Other automatic controller devices were being developed before the advent of industry standards.

5. It doesn’t matter which method is used by you.

6. The method by which the data were gathered was not tightly controlled.

7. Electric currents may be propagated through the earth and this knowledge has been utilized in many ways in the transmission of signals.

8. Almost all the electricity we use is generated by great machines with magnets in them.

9. Think of megapixels as millions of dots of light that are being stored for each picture.

10. This article is intended to illuminate some aspects of the education process of control theory in Russia.

11. The study of artificial neural networks was initially inspired by neurobiology.

12. Some researchers are still studying the neurophysiology of the human brain but much attention is not being focused on the general properties of neural computation.

13. At present high-capacity optical transmission systems are being installed between many major US cities at a rapid rate.

14. Hence, many optimization processes have been developed in the last decades to achieve the best solution in this research process.

15. Two popular techniques have been developed for optimization process.

16. Technology is the application of math, science, and the arts for the benefit of life as it is known.

17. This concept is also referred to by some network security people.

18. In network diagrams, the Internet is often represented by a cloud symbol, into and out of which network communications can pass.

19. Every year the atmosphere is polluted by about 1000 tons of industrial dust and other harmful substances.

20. The problem has been studied for three years, but they haven’t got any result.

 

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