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Topic: Immunobiological preparations. Antimicrobial vaccines. Types of vaccines. Immune sera and immunoglobulins. Use in medicine.
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CLASS 15
Topic: Immunobiological preparations. Antimicrobial vaccines. Types of vaccines. Immune sera and immunoglobulins. Use in medicine.
Questions to be discussed:
1. Antibody-containing preparations. Application.
2. Homologous and heterologous therapeutic preparations.
3. Himeric and humanized antibodies.
4. Anti-toxic immune sera and antibodies Vaccines, their classification based on the antigen preparation.
5. Types of vaccines based on the used antigen.
6. Vaccines use for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy.
7. Adjuvants. Definition. Types of adjuvants.
8. Possible side-effects of vaccination.
9. Calendar of vaccination. Selective vaccination.
Practical task:
1. Learn different types of conventional vaccines and their characteristics; note advantages and disadvantages of different vaccine types:
- live attenuated (BCG, tularemia, measels, polio (Sabin) vaccine, chickenpox);
- whole-killed or inactivated (cholera, pertussis, leptospirosis, influenza, TBE, polio (Salk) vaccine, hepatitis A);
- conjugate vaccine- fractions or capsular polysaccharide bacterial vaccines (pneumococcal polysaccharide for 23 most prevalent serotypes, meningococcal polysaccharide against four important serotypes, Haemofilus influenza vaccine contains type b polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier protein);
- subunit viral vaccines composed of protective purified surface proteins usually combined with adjuvant (influenza virus vaccine contained haemagglutinins and neuraminidases of actual strains, hepatitis B vaccine contained HBs surface protein);
- recombinant vaccines – gene encoded protective antigen is introduced into the carrier (Saccharomyces), protein is produced by yeast, isolated, purified and administrated (Lyme disease vaccine with OspA-outer surface protein used as immunogen, Hepatitis B vaccine with HBs – surface protein of Hepatitis B virus used as an immunogen);
- toxoids (tetanus, diphtheria, botulinum, cholerogen-anatoxin);
2. Advances in vaccine technology: RNA and DNA-vaccines – non-replicating or self-replicating plasmids with inserted gene encoded the immunogen of interest. Can be administrated i/m or i/c and the immunogenic protein will be synthesized to develop mainly cell-mediated immune response.
3. Compare the features of the conventional and advanced technique vaccine manufacture:
| Conventional vaccines | Advanced vaccines | |
| Production time | ||
| Biosafety | ||
| Immune response | ||
| Flexibility |
- Describe given immuno-biological preparations according to a following scheme:
1. What does a preparation consist of (antigen, antibody, protein, etc. ).
2. How the preparation is produced?
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3. What the preparation is used for (diagnosis, prevention, treatment)?
4. How the preparation is used (if for diagnosis - in what immunological reaction, if for treatment or prophylaxis - how it is administered)?
5. What is the expecting benefit from using the preparation?
Teacher’s signature ________________
Date__________________
CLASS 16
Topic: Immunobiological aspects of COVID-19
Questions to be discussed:
1. The role of APCs in the immune response against SARS-Co-V-2 development.
2. Importance of the humoral adaptive immune response in COVID.
3. Importance of the cell-mediated adaptive immune response in COVID.
4. Main cytokines that mediate the cytokine storm development.
10. Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
11. Vaccines developed for protection against COVID-19.
Practical task:
1. Describe the stages of the immunity development during SARS-Co-V-2 infection.
2. Indicate the immunopathogenic mechanisms of the tissues damage during COVID-19.
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3. Give example of the current approaches of the immunotherapy of the COVID-19.
| IFN-based | Ab-based | Cytokine storm management |
4. Vaccines against COVID-19 undergoing or finish phase 3 clinical trials or licensed for use in the large scale vaccination.
| Name of vaccine | Type of the vaccine | Vaccine design |
| Gamaleya “Sputnick” | ||
| Pfizer/BioNTech | ||
| Moderna | ||
| Oxford AstraZeneca |
Teacher’s signature ________________
Date__________________
CLASS 17
Topic: Control class CP3 in “Immunopathology. Immunoprophylaxis and Immunotherapy of the infectious diseases”, classes 13--16.
1. Description of immunological preparations used for the immunotherapy or immunoprophylaxis of the infectious diseases according to a following scheme:
1. What does a preparation consist of (antigen, antibody, protein, etc. ).
2. How the preparation is produced?
3. What the preparation is used for (diagnosis, prevention, treatment)?
4. How the preparation is used (if for diagnosis - in what immunological reaction, if for treatment or prophylaxis - how it is administered)?
5. What is the expecting benefit from using the preparation?
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