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19. Weakness … birth. 21. Vitamin A. 22. Calcium. 23. Vitamin B2. 24. Niacin. 25. 1) blindness 2) Poor growth 3) hemorrhage 4) mange 5) lameness
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19. Weakness … birth
a. at
b. as
c. in
d. from
20. Poor blood …
a. clotting
b. clotted
c. to clotting
d. to clotted
21. Vitamin A
a. Poor blood clotting, Internal hemorrhages
b. Night blindness, Loss of young, Poor growth, Nasal discharge, Diarrhea
c. Scurvy, Gum inflammation, Hemorrhages, Slow healing of wounds
d. Dermatitis, Loss of hair, Retarded growth
22. Calcium
a. Poor fertility, Deformed young, Poor growth
b. Slow growth, Joint stiffness, Poor feed efficiency
c. Rickets, Poor growth, Deformed bones, Milk fever
23. Vitamin B2
a) Poor appetite
b) Poor reproduction
c) Dermatitis
d) Poor coordination
24. Niacin
a) Anemia, Labored breathing, Edema (swelling) of the head and shoulders
b) Dermatitis, Retarded growth, Digestive troubles
c) Poor growth, Unhealthy wool or hair, Slow healing of wounds
d) Flabby, wrinkled skin
25. 1) blindness 2) Poor growth 3) hemorrhage 4) mange 5) lameness
1a)Слепота
2b) Плохой рост
3c) Кровотечение
4d) Чесотка
5e) Хромота
26. Составьте предложение: 1
2a) must be
1c) animals
4d) appropriate types of
3e) fed
5f) feed
27. Составьте предложение: 2
1 a) some common
2 b) symptoms
3 c) of nutrient
4 d) deficiencies follow
28. Составьте предложение: 3
4 d) observable effects
5 e) on the animal
3 c) produce
2 b) various nutrients
1 a) shortages of
29. Составьте предложение: 4
2 b) healthy
1 a) animals must be
3 c) and produce milk
30. Составьте предложение: 5
2 b) fed appropriate types
1 a) animals must be
4 d) and amounts
3 c) of feed
UNIT 9. Feed additives
VOCABULARY
feed additive – кормовая добавка
to promote – активизировать, способствовать
to gain weight – набрать вес
controversy – спор, полемика
slaughter – убой
to reduce – уменьшать
dry matter – сухое вещество
crude – сырой, необработанный
wheat bran – пшеничные отруби
wheat middling – средняя пшеница
brewers grain – зерно для пивоварения
primary commodity – сырьевые товары
hull – шелуха
turnip -репа
rutabaga – брюква
fermentation – брожение
1. Translate the following words with the help of text: nonnutritive, progesterone, potential, antibiotics, substances, controversy, human consumption.
2. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following: кормовая добавка, быстрый рост, улучшать здоровье, гормоны, контролировать заболевания, самый высокий потенциал, гормоны роста.
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3. Answer the questions, using the text: What is feed additive?, How are feed additives divided?, What are antibiotics?.
4. Make up questions (см. Приложение 9):
1)Feed additives fall into two major groups—growth regulators (mostly hormones) and antibiotics. (What) 2) Some common growth regulators include stil-bestrol, progesterone, and testosterone. (What) 3) They increase growth rates and feed efficiency by as much as 5%. (What) 4) Antibiotics added to feed allow growing animals to gain weight at their highest potential. (What for) 5) The fermentation takes place in the absence of air. (Where) 6) A knowledge of nutrition deficiency symptoms will permit the animal manager to take corrective steps when the animal suffers from improper nutrition. (What).
***
A feed additive is a nonnutritive substance that is added to feed to promote more rapid growth, to increase feed efficiency, or to maintain or improve health. Feed additives fall into two major groups—growth regulators (mostly hormones) and antibiotics. Antibiotics are substances used to help prevent or control diseases.
Some common growth regulators include stil-bestrol, progesterone, and testosterone. They increase growth rates and feed efficiency by as much as 5%.
There are a wide range of antibiotics that are added in very low levels to the diets of animals such as swine and poultry. Antibiotics keep certain low-grade infections at bay. Antibiotics added to feed allow growing animals to gain weight at their highest potential.
In recent years there has been a good deal of controversy over including antibiotics and growth hormones in the feed of animals. Of major concern is the possibility of these substances remaining in the meat of animals slaughtered for human consumption. To reduce this possibility, the substances generally must be removed from the feed well before the animal is marketed.
5. Continue the sentences:
1. A feed additive is ….
2. Feed additives fall into two major groups ….
3. Growth regulators include ….
4. Antibiotics added to feed ….
5. In recent years ….
COMPOSITION OF FEEDS
All feeds are composed of water and dry matter. The material left after all water has been removed from feed is dry matter. Water makes up 70 to 80% of most living things. However, dry feeds generally contain only 10 to 20% water.
Dry matter is made up of organic matter and ash or mineral. The organic-matter portion of animal feeds consists of protein, carbohydrates such as starch and sugar, fat, and some vitamins. The proportion of these materials varies widely with different feeds.
6. Answer the questions:
1. What is a dry matter?
2. How many percent does water make up of most living things?
3. What is a dry matter made up?
4. What does the organic-matter portion of animal feeds consist of?
5. Can the proportion of these materials vary widely with different feeds?
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