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Symptoms of nutrient deficiencies
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SYMPTOMS OF NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES
Animals must be fed appropriate types and amounts of feed regularly to remain healthy and produce milk, meat, wool, eggs, fur, work, or healthy young. Shortages or deficiencies of various nutrients will generally produce observable effects on the animal. Some common symptoms of nutrient deficiencies follow.
Vitamin Deficiency
Vitamin A 1. Night blindness 2. Loss of young 3. Poor growth 4. Nasal discharge
5. Diarrhea
Vitamin С 1. Scurvy 2. Gum inflammation 3. Hemorrhages 4. Slow healing of wounds
Vitamin D 1. Bone weakness and deformities 2. Rickets and osteomalacia are bone disease in young and old animals, respectively 3. Thin egg shells 4. Weak, deformed young 5. Lowered milk production
Vitamin E 1. Reproductive failures 2. Degeneration ofcertain muscles 3. Stiff lamb disease, or muscle degeneration in lambs 4. White muscle disease, or muscle degeneration in young calves 5. Poor egg hatchability
Vitamin К 1. Poor blood clotting 2. Internal hemorrhages
Thiamine 1. Poor appetite 2. Slow growth 3. Weakness 4. Nervousness
Riboflavin 1. Slow growth 2. Dermatitis, or skin disorder 3. Eye abnormalities 4. Diarrhea 5. Weak legs in pigs
Niacin 1. Dermatitis 2. Retarded growth 3. Digestive troubles
Pyridoxine 1. Anemia, or low red-blood-cell count 2. Poor growth 3. Convulsions in pigs
Pantothenic acid 1. " Goose-stepping" in pigs 2. Unhealthy appearance 3. Digestive problems
Biotin 1. Dermatitis 2. Loss of hair 3. Retarded growth
Choline 1. Poor coordination 2. Poor health 3. Fatty liver 4. Poor reproduction in swine
Folic acid 1. Blood disorders 2. Poor growth
Vitamin B2 1. Slow growth 2. Poor coordination 3. Poor reproduction
8. Give the English equivalents: ночная слепота, воспаление десен, слабость, тонкая яичная скорлупа, замедленный рост, «гусиный» шаг, дерматит, хрупкость яйца, плохой аппетит, проблемы с пищеварением, потеря волос, жирная печень, слабость в ногах.
Mineral Deficiency
Calcium 1. Rickets 2. Poor growth 3. Deformed bones 4. Milk fever
Phosphorus 1. Lameness 2. Stiff joints 3. Rickets 4. Poor milk production
Sodium chloride 1. Lack of appetite 2. Unhealthy appearance 3. Slow growth
Potassium 1. Slow growth 2. Joint stiffness 3. Poor feed efficiency
Sulfur 1. General unthriftiness (Lack of strong growth) 2. Poor growth
Iron 1. Anemia 2. Labored breathing 3. Edema (swelling) of the head and shoulders
4. Flabby, wrinkled skin
Iodine 1. Goiter, or enlarged thyroid gland in the neck 2. Weak or dead offspring at birth 3. Hairlessness 4. Infected navels, especially in foals
Cobalt 1. Delayed sexual development 2. Poor appetite 3. Slow growth 4. Decreased milk and wool production
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Copper 1. Abnormal wool growth 2. Poor muscular coordination 3. Anemia 4. Weakness at birth
Fluorine — Poor teeth
Manganese 1. Poor fertility 2. Deformed young 3. Poor growth
Molybdenum —Poor growth rate 1. Muscular degeneration 2. Heart failure 3. Paralysis
4. Poor growth
Zinc 1. Poor growth 2. Unhealthy wool or hair 3. Slow healing of wounds
4. Parakeratosis, or a skin disease similar to mange
9. Match the beginning of the phrases (1-9) with the endings (a-j), translate into Russian:
| 1. poor | a. appetite |
| 2. slow healing of | b. joints |
| 3. delayed sexual | c. birth |
| 4. general | d. wrinkled skin |
| 5. enlarged thyroid gland | e. fever |
| 6. milk | f. in the neck |
| 7. flabby | g. unthriftiness |
| 8. weakness at | h. development |
| 9. stiff | i. wounds |
| 10. lack of | j. growth |
10. Don’t agree with the following statement “Shortages or deficiencies of various nutrients won’t generally produce observable effects on the animal”. Use the appendix 1.
11. Translate the verbs: to manage, to delay, to develop, to grow, to decrease, to infect.
Test for unit 8
1. stiff joints
a. зараженные пупки
b. носовые выделения
c. воспаление десен
d. жесткие связки
2. hemorrhage
a. кровотечение
b. выводимость
c. слепота
d. потомство
3. slow…
a. navels
b. healing of wounds
c. discharge
d. fertility
4. Vitamin A
a. Night blindness
b. Scurvy
c. Hemorrhages
d. Dermatitis
5. Vitamin C
a. Scurvy
b. Diarrhea
c. Loss of hair
d. Poor blood clotting
6. Calcium
a. Lameness
b. Stiff joints
c. Poor growth
d. Slow growth
7. Rickets and osteomalacia …bone disease in young and old animals
a. are
b. is
c. a
d. or
8. Weak legs are …pigs.
a. in
b. an
c. into
d. are
9. Poor eggs are ….
a. inflammation
b. hatchability
c. weakness
d. shells
10. Edema (swelling) is … head and shoulders.
a. in the
b. of the
c. the
d. of
11. Poor reproduction is … swine.
a. in
b. on
c. of
d. as
12. Dermatitis … skin discover
a. or
b. in
c. on
d. from
13. Infected navels especially are … foals
a. in
b. on
c. into
d. from
14. thyroid gland
a. воспаление десен
b. жесткие связки
c. щитовидная железа
d. носовые выделения
15. Slow healing of wounds
a. медленное заживление ран
b. плохое свертывание крови
c. плохой рост
d. низкая рождаемость
16. Animals must be fed appropriate types and amounts of feed regularly … healthy
a. to remain
b. remain
c. will remaining
d. remained
17. Animals must be … appropriate types and amounts of feed/
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a. fed
b. feed
c. to feed
d. feeding
18. Плохой рост
a. poor growth
b. nasal discharge
c. poor fertility
d. thyroid gland
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