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Administering Drugs. 7. How must we choose the drug to the animal?. 8. Say the process of giving a pill. Powders. 9. Express your personal opinion of giving powders and pills. Use the appendix 1.
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Administering Drugs
There are several factors to be considered before administering drugs to an animal. They include determination of the amount to be administered, type of drug to use, purpose of the drug, site of administration of the drug, and type of animal to be treated. Most of this information can be found on the drug container. It is important that the drug manufacturer's recommendations be followed closely. Another factor that needs to be considered is the amount of time that the drug remains in the animal. This is important when determining how long milk from the animal will be contaminated by the drug. Contaminated milk must be discarded. Also, it must be determined how long to wait before a treated animal can be slaughtered for meat.
Drugs may be manufactured and sold as pills, powder, paste, and liquid.
6. Complete the sentences:
1. There are several factors to be considered before … to an animal.
2. They include … of the amount to be administered, type of … to use, purpose of the …, site of administration of the …, and type of animal to be treated.
3. Most of information can be found on the ….
4. It is important that the drug manufacturer's recommendations be followed ….
5. This is important when … how long milk from the animal will be contaminated by the ….
6. … may be manufactured and sold as pills, powder, paste, and liquid.
7. How must we choose the drug to the animal?
Pills
The procedure for giving a pill to an animal is to restrain the animal and lift its head so that the mouth opens. Force the pill as far down the side of the mouth as possible, using either your hand or a balling gun (a device used to place a pill in an animal's throat). Then massage the animal's throat until it swallows the pill.
8. Say the process of giving a pill.
Powders
These drugs are normally mixed in the feed or water of the animal. Often it is necessary to withhold feed or water for a period of time before administering the drug. Otherwise, the animal may refuse to eat or drink the drugged food.
Paste
Paste is normally used for treating horses for worms. The preparation is placed on the back of the horse's tongue with a caulking gun, and the horse is forced to swallow. Pastes are used for horses because it is often nearly impossible to treat them for worms by any other method.
9. Express your personal opinion of giving powders and pills. Use the appendix 1.
Liquids
Liquid drugs administered orally (by mouth) are often placed directly in the animal's stomach by drenching. Drenching is the process of administering fairly large amounts of liquid to an animal. A syringe or drenching gun is used. In the process, the animal is restrained, with the head held level. The upper lip of the animal is lifted and the tube is inserted along the side of the tongue. The drug is released and the animal is allowed to swallow. Care must be taken not to get the drug into the animal's lungs.
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The injection of drugs into animals takes many forms, based on the location of the injection. Injection is the process of administering drugs by needle and syringe. Some of the injection sites include intravenous (in a vein), intramuscular (in a muscle), subcutaneous (under the skin), intradermal (between layers of skin), intraruminal (in the rumen), and intraperitoneal (in the abdominal cavity). One determining factor as to where injections are made is how fast the drug needs to work. A drug injected into the blood is available faster than one injected under the skin. Often it is desirable for drugs to be released slowly over a long period of time. Growth hormones are generally administered in this way.
The procedure for giving an injection is to:
1. restrain the animal.
2. select the location for the injection.
3. fill the syringe, making sure that all air is removed.
4. disinfect the area to be injected.
5. if the injection is to be made intradermally, clip the hair from the area to be injected.
6. insert the needle in the desired area without the syringe attached. This prevents the loss of the drug if the animal jumps.
7. attach the syringe to the needle and inject the liquid.
10. Match two parts of the sentences, using the text:
| There is a | may be manufactured and sold as pills, powder, paste, and liquid. |
| It is important | to withhold feed or water for a period of time before administering the drug. |
| Drugs | with a caulking gun, and the horse is forced to swallow. |
| Force the pill as far down the side of the mouth as possible, | that the drug manufacturer's recommendations be followed closely. |
| Often it is necessary | are often placed directly in the animal's stomach by drenching. |
| The preparation is placed on the back of the horse's tongue | using either your hand or a balling gun (a device used to place a pill in an animal's throat). |
| Liquid drugs administered orally (by mouth) | number of activities and procedures that are used to prevent and treat health problems found in animals. |
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