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Lecture 2. Nature created people equal in terms of physical and mental abilities, for although we sometimes observe that one person is physically stronger or smarter than another, but if we consider everything together, it turns out that the difference be
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P. I 122a
Only the state is that necessary cultural environment that provides its people with all their civil liberties. If there is no state, there is no citizen either. And vice versa. (2. 1. 5. ) I 122a
After all, citizens are a necessary " matter" of any state
2011-02-11
Lecture 2
Nature created people equal in terms of physical and mental abilities, for although we sometimes observe that one person is physically stronger or smarter than another, but if we consider everything together, it turns out that the difference between them is not so great that one person, based on it, could claim some benefit for himself, and the other could not claim it with the same right.
T. Hobbes
CITIZEN
• A citizen is a state person
• Unity of civil rights and obligations
• Citizen education
• Civil liberties
• Civil equality
• Wings of Hope
A CITIZEN IS A STATE PERSON
He belongs to his state already by the fact of his citizenship.
P. I 123. The principle of citizenship
The very fact of citizenship of a particular person is always and necessarily an agreement between this citizen and his state. Citizenship is a person's belonging to the state. (2. 2. 1. ) I 123
According to this agreement, the citizen is obliged to comply with the laws of the state, and the state, in turn, is obliged to be a comfortable environment for his life.
Civil certificate. For example, a passport. And although it does not spell out mutual obligations between a citizen and the state, nevertheless, every citizen should know that the current Constitution invisibly stands behind the passport.
P. I 124. The principle of a civil contract
The contract between the state and its citizen is the current Constitution. All other norms of relations between them in the form of laws and by-laws of the state must be subordinated to this Constitution. (2. 2. 1. ) I 124
The state itself arose to protect and patronize its citizens. Otherwise, there is no special need for it. Every civil servant must clearly know this. A wonderful thing: " patronage of the state. " However, it does not exist by itself. And it is necessary is only one side of the medal, or rather, the contract. The second side of this medal is, inevitably, another thing called " civic obligations.
Honest contract.
P. I 125
The agreement between the state and the citizen is honest if both parties correctly understand all of its contents and confirm it with their signatures.
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(2. 2. 1. ) I 125
And what happens? A sixteen-year-old teenager signed for a passport, but he does not understand the content of the Constitution at all. Moreover, so he simply does not know her. Thus, the state is acting dishonestly.
There is a generally accepted opinion that ignorance of the law does not exempt from its implementation. Absolutely wrong opinion. For example, if a person does not know the rules of the road, then he has nothing to dream of getting a driver's license. But what if a person does not know the laws of social behavior? Then, according to the logic of things, in no case should he be given a passport. But they do. And they give it out in the order of things. But knowledge and understanding of the current Constitution by a young citizen, besides everything, is also a kind of protective measure of the state against offenses.
2011-02-15
UNITY OF CIVIL RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
The unity of civil rights and obligations is the essence of the relationship between the citizen and the state. It is enshrined in the content of the current Constitution. Let's start with the rights.
P. I 126
The rights of a citizen are all his civil liberties, indicated in a civil agreement with the state, or not prohibited by this agreement. (2. 2. 2. ) I 126
It turns out that the citizen is not completely free. And at the same time he loses many of his freedoms to do whatever he pleases. And he loses deliberately. But this is not such a big loss. This loss is only for the benefit of any citizen, since the state limits only the bestial habits and desires of a person.
P. I 127
Civic obligations are a person's civic duty to the state for the right to be its citizen. (2. 2. 2. ) I 127
And then we say " civic duty", but at the same time we do not have its exact definition.
The very essence of civic obligations (duty) is no more complicated.
P. I 128. The law of civic obligations
Civil obligations are everything that is provided for by a civil contract. This is all that every adult citizen should do for the government's benefit.
(2. 2. 2. ) I 128
For the existence of the state, it is not enough for a citizen to be a good guy. Here you also need to give part of the results of your labor for the life and development of the state. Without food taxes, Levifan would simply starve to death. With modest taxes, he will hardly drag his feet. With huge tax revenues, he could become obese. A golden mean is needed here, for every citizen himself needs considerable funds, both for his life and for his development. But such a golden mean is not present everywhere.
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2011-02-16
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