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5. In this text some lines contain a word that should not be there. Decided which lines contain them and correct
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5. In this text some lines contain a word that should not be there. Decided which lines contain them and correct
1. In 1876 Nikolaus Otto is invented an effective
2. gas engine. Otto built the a first practical four-stroke
3. internal combustion and engine called the “Otto Cycle Engine”,
4. and as soon as he completed his engine, he was built it
5. into a motorcycle.
6. Fill in the gaps with the correct forms of the words in bold
| 1. Any engine which uses hot gases to__________ a piston within a cylinder is called an internal _________ engine. | movement combust |
| 2. In heat engines the____________of heat energy into mechanical energy takes place. | convert |
| 3. In 1885, German mechanical ____________, Karl Benz designed and built the first automobile which was _________by an internal combustion engine. | engine power |
| 4. The internal combustion engine was ____________ by Nikolaus Otto. | invent |
| 5 A mixture of oil and air is ______________ by a moving piston. | compress |
| 6. Diesel engines are more ________ than gasoline engines. | power |
7. Learn the following linking words: first(ly), secondly, then, after, before, prior to, afterwards, later, eventually, soon. They show the sequence of events. Read the text paying attention to the linking words
Evolution of the Internal Combustion Engine
The first person to experiment with an internal combustion engine was the Dutch physicist Huygens, about 1680. But no effective engine was developed until 1859, when the French engineer J. E. Lenoir built an engine that could be operated continuously. Soon after this invention, in 1862, a French scientist Beau de Rochas published his theory stating the conditions necessary for maximum economy for the internal combustion engine. Then, in 1867, N. Otto, a German engineer, developed a concept of his internal combustion engine, utilizing the ideas of Beau de Rochas. Nine years later, when N. Otto built a successful four-stroke engine, it became known as the “Otto cycle engine”. Although N. Otto is credited with this important development in internal combustion engine, many other scientists and engineers worked to change the early engine. Prior to Otto’s engine, an efficient internal combustion engine was patented in London in 1854 by Italians E. Barsanti and F. Matteucci. In 1873, before N. Otto’s engine was patented, an American engineer G. Brayton had developed a kerosene engine, but it was too slow to be commercially successful.
8. Read the following article and decide what you think is the most appropriate title
a) Construction and operation of an internal combustion engine
b) Engine classification
c) Application of engines
d) Engines
The heat engine is a machine that converts heat energy into mechanical energy. The engines of motor-cars, motor-cycles, tractors, motor boats, etc., are heat engines, which belong to the subgroup of internal combustion engines. Combustion engines may be divided into several types according to the number of piston strokes. Most of modern automobile engines operate on four-stroke cycle. There are also engines which operate on two-stroke and six-stroke cycles.
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A diesel engine is a machine which produces power by burning oil in a body of air which has been compressed to a high pressure by a moving piston. Diesel engines are especially suitable where an independent source of power is required, as in ships, locomotives, mobile equipment of all sorts and isolated power plants.
Steam, gas and oil engines were known and used prior to the invention of the diesel engine.
9. Now read the article again and decide if the following statements are true or false
a) In heat engines chemical energy is converted into heat energy.
b) Heat engines are used in vehicles.
c) Combustion engines are divided into two-stroke, four-stroke and six-stroke ones.
d) A diesel engine produces power by burning oil in a body of compressed air.
e) Diesel engines are widely used.
f) Diesel engines were invented prior to steam and gas engines.
Read the information on the history of the internal combustion engine and make up a text using linking words expressing time
• 1866 – German engineers, E. Langen and N. Otto improved on Lenoir’s and de Rochas’ design and invented a more efficient gas engine.
• 1873 – George Brayton, an American engineer, developed an unsuccessful two-stroke kerosene engine.
• 1876 – Nokolaus Otto invented and patented a successful four-stroke engine, known as the “Otto cycle engine”.
• 1876 – the first successful two-stroke engine was invented by Sir Dougals Cleark.
• 1883 – French engineer, E. Delamare-Debouteville built a single-cylinder four-stroke engine than ran on gas.
• 1885 – Gottlieb Daimler invented what is considered as the prototype of the modern gas engine.
10. All the word in the box have letter “e”, which corresponds to sounds [i],
[ i: ], [ e], [ ∂: ]. Listen and make note of the words that you hear, then look at the sentences you heard. Try saying them with good pronunciation:
| Need, steam, heat, between, repeat, reach, heavy, these, complete, receive, engine, center, compression, pressure, temperature, jet, electric, develop, descend, outlet, inlet, internal, exert, external, dead, head, explosive, fuel, expand, separate, petrol, reciprocate |
1. Internal combustion engine is a heat engine.
2. The internal combustion engine operates on liquid fuel called petrol.
3. A four-stroke engine needs four strokes of the piston to complete one cycle.
4. During the intake stroke the piston is at the top dead center.
5. An electric spark is used to ignite the explosive mixture.
6. The gases reach their maximum pressure.
7. During the compression stroke the piston compresses the explosive mixture to a high pressure and high temperature.
8. By the place of combustion engines are classified into internal and external combustion engines.
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