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Growth and development of children's
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN'S
The definition of physical development of children s, one of important method for health estimation
Growth physical maturation of the body
Development functional or physiological maturation of the
body
Every doctor must have full information about growth and de velopment of the children, and the methods by which he can estimate the signs of growth and development
Factors influencing growth and development,
\ Economic status
2 Social as a) Living conditions b) Literacy c) Family size
3 Genetic
4 Nutritional status
5 Bad habits
6 Environmental
7 Prenatal
8 Diseases
Various periods of growth
• prenatal
• postnatal
• new-born up to 4 weeks
• Infancy first year
• toddler up to 3 years
• pre-school up to 6 years
• school-going up to 11 years &
• pubescent up to 16 years ^
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PictvreS Assessment of length
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Signs for assessment of growth
1 Somatometnc signs as a) Body weight The normal birth weight must be around 3 4 kg In the first 10 days the baby looses
about 10% of his body weight, then he doubles his weight in the end of 4* month, and treepels it in the end of 10th month
b) Weight at 7-12 years = age(years) x 3 The length at 9 month of age is about 75 cm After 4 years, the body height is over 5 cm every year until puberty
c) Body ration, as head circumference and chest circumference
For measuring head size you have to place the tape over occiput and just above the supraorbital ridges
The head/chest circumference ratio at birth, the head circumference larger than chest circumference, about 2, 5 cm, at 12 month's, both are equal After the first year chest becomes greater than head, about 2, 5 cm
2 Somatoscopy
a) skin fat thickness, it is recorded at the level of the umbilical, in or over the triceps the back Normal size 1-2 cm
b) The chest shape cylindrical, trivial and mixed
c) Vertebral shape
d) The shape of the foot it may be normal or flat feet
e) Dentition and puberty, for example the breast changes, appearance of pubic hair, change of the voice, and menstruation
3 Physiometnc as the muscles power, pulse, blood pressure and pulmonary capacity
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The main principles of growth and development:
1 There is no relation between the growth and development f internal organs
2 Acceleration _ ^ >
3 Sex differential
4 Genetic factor influencing the growth The methods of estimation:
1 Standard deviation
2 Regression scale
3 Complex method
4 Screening test
Exercises
1 Write your conclusion about the foot shape of boy 12 years
old
2 Estimate the growth and development of boy 10 year old and wnt your conclusion
Example:
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Omar is 10 years old His body weight 26, 4 kg, height is 130 cm and his chest circumference 63 cm *j! \
Table 11 Decision
| Signs | M | difference | sigma CT | standard deviation | |
| Height _ | 130cm | 131, 8cm | -1, 8 | 6, 9 5, 8 | -0, 18 -0, 9 |
| Weight Chest cir- | 24. 7 kg 63cm | 28, 1 kg 63, 7 cm | -4, 6 -0, 7 | 3, 2 | -0, 2 |
| cumfer- |
Conclusion The growth and development of boy. 10 yttttS
lower mediam minus one standard deviation
SCHOOL HEALTH SERVICES AND SCHOOL FURNITURE.
(Hygiene of schools lessons)
The progress of any child in the school depend on many factors the school he attends, the teachers, the pupils, the environment in the school, the schedule (time-table), the school furniture, his parents and home
The over all objective of school health service is, to safeguard the health of children in the school, and to ensure that every child is healthy as possible, so that they can obtain the full benefit from their education
First of all there should be an assessment of the work load for various classes
1 J MM JOOH /
It is necessary to ensure that the school environment is maintain The school is experience of group living For children there are stress, and exhausting
Exhausting is a result of influence of any external factor (class
work) for a long time
Signs a) Weight loss, b) Irritability, c) Loss of appetite Class air temperature - 18-20°, air velocity - 0, 1-0, 3 m/s, orientations - south-east, sk -1 4-1 6
The time of lessons
for junior classes - 30 mm,
lor senior classes - 40 mm
The time table depends upon the physiological activity of the children's at the day and the complicity of the subjects
The evaluation of physical activity of schoolboys and estimation of the function of central nervous system there should be a testing programme which is periodically provided to children from different classes to check-up there physical and emotional activity
The child must solve 10 mathematical exercises After every lesson, and with the results of these tests we can evaluate the physical and with the results of these tests we can evaluate the physical and emotional condition of the child
Table 12 The subjects complicity
| Subjects | Unit |
| Mathematics National language Computer | |
| Foreign language | |
| Physics Chemistry Biology | 9 |
| History | |
| Literature | |
| Geography | |
| Sport | |
| Sketching | |
| Drawing | |
| Smgmg |
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