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The Importance of Farm Animals
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TEXT A
The Importance of Farm Animals
Animal husbandry is a branch of agricultural production. It includes the breeding of farm animals and their use. Dairy and beef cattle, hogs, sheep and poultry are bred throughout the world. Farm animals are highly important sources of food for man. They produce meet, milk and eggs. These are highly nutritious products.
Animal husbandry is closely connected with plant growing. Different plants as grasses, grain crops and some vegetables are used in feeding livestock. At the same time manure produced by livestock is an important source for the maintenance of soil fertility.
Animal husbandry supplies industry with such raw materials as wool, fat, leather and feather. These raw materials are used by man for many purposes. Cattle have been the most important draft animals in agriculture. Now more than half of the world uses horses and cattle as draft animals.
Domestic animals have been important in the economy of most countries for thousand of years. They are very important as the sources of the animal protein.
Ex. 1. 4. Translate the following word combinations from English into Russian.
Breeding of farm animals, dairy cattle, poultry, to be bred throughout the world, a source of food, milk, to produce eggs, feeding livestock, maintenance, to supply with wool, feather, a domestic animal.
Ex. 1. 5. Give the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations.
Мясной скот, свинья, разводить овец, производить мясо, питательные продукты, трава, использовать в питании скота, навоз, жир, кожа, тягловое животное, протеин.
Ex. 1. 6. Name products and raw materials produced by farm animals.
Ex. 1. 7. Open the brackets and translate the words and word combinations into English:
1. We retain a small proportion of bulls for (разведения) purpose. 2. Different breeds of (овец) give (шерсть) of varying lengths. 3. Most (мясной скот) graze on large areas of open grassland. 4. Beef and (молочный) cattle are widely bred in Belarus. 5. Most of the (домашнего скота) produced in the USA comes from commercial farms. 6. Farmers in almost every country raise (свиней). 7. Poultry are birds that are raised to provide (мясо) and (яйца) for human food. 8. Medium-wooled sheep are a (источник) of (шерсти). 9. Cattle were first used and developed as (тягловые животные). 10. There are neither wild cattle nor wild (лошади) now in the world. 11. Manufactures use the (перо) of ducks and geese to stuff pillows. 12. Sheep’s milk contains more (белок) than cow’s milk.
Ex. 1. 8. Give the missing form.
| Verb | Adjective | Noun |
| to breed - - - to manure - to domesticate | - - - feeding - fertile - | - production milk - - - - |
Ex. 1. 9. Complete the sentences using the right word.
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a) milked milk milkmaids
1. Cows are … by electricity.
2. Girl students worked as ….
3. Dairy cows produce … that may be used in making dairy products.
b) products productive production produced products
1. The United States export most of the corn ….
2. Alfalfa may grow for many year … nutritious forage for farm animals.
3. The countries leading in wheat … are Russia, the United States, China, Canada, India, France and Italy.
4. Farm animals are kept for the production of nutritious … as meat, milk and eggs.
5. Karakul sheep are used in breeding high … sheep in India.
c) fertile fertility fertilizers
1. The increases in yields are obtained by application of proper amount of ….
2. Legume crops are known to improve soil ….
3. Clay soil is not ….
d) feeding fed feed
1. Alfalfa is a good winter … for different classes of cattle.
2. Different farm crops are used in … farm animals.
3. Farm animals must be … properly.
e) bred breed breeding
1. There are many farms where farmers grow some crops and … farm animals.
2. The … of farm animals is one of the branches of agriculture.
3. Dairy and beef cattle, hogs, sheep and poultry are widely … throughout the world.
Ex. 1. 10. Answer the following questions.
1. What farm animals are bred throughout the world? 2. Why do people breed farm animals? 3. What is manure used for? 4. What farm animals do we use as draft ones? 5. What products and raw materials do they provide?
Ex. 1. 11. Read the passages and define the meaning of the italicized words. Write down all the work done by farmers and places where animals are kept.
Farmers’ Work
The farmer’s work though healthy is not an easy one. There is always much work to do on the farm. He must look after his stables and his horses. He is to milk the cows and clean the cowsheds. Then he has to take great care of the young animals, the lambs, the calves the pigs. Cattle, sheep and hogs should be fed and fattened. Somebody has to go round the poultry houses and to collect eggs.
The farmer should provide proper care and management of the cattle. The cowsheds, sheep-pens, pigsties and poultry houses ought to be kept clean, dry and well ventilated. Grasses, grain crops and root crops should be grown for fodder in order to feed the animals. The farmer has to work very hard on his farm. He has to get up early in the morning in order to do all the necessary work.
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