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Ex. 2.16. Match the words. Ex. 2.17. Match the words with their definitions. Ex. 2.18. Complete the sentences using words from Ex. 2.17.
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Ex. 2. 16. Match the words.
| yield permanent milk dairy grasses temporary mixed natural high-productive beef production beef high yielding cultivated | farm milk products cattle production breed cow pasture |
Ex. 2. 17. Match the words with their definitions.
| 1. cow 2. feed 3. pasture 4. bull 5. heifer 6. farm 7. calf 8. paddock | a) a young cow which has not yet given birth to a calf b) a small field where cows or horses are kept c) a young cow d) an area of grass on which farm animals graze e) a large female animal kept on farms for its milk f) food that is given to an animal g) a male animal of the cow family h) an area of land consisting of fields and buildings where crops are grown or animals are raised |
Ex. 2. 18. Complete the sentences using words from Ex. 2. 17.
1. Depending on their fibre content and nutritive value, … are classified into three groups. 2. Dairy … are milked with special machines. 3. On our … there are many cows but few horses. 4. Good … is the best figure for dairy cows. 5. The best way of keeping the bull is to build a small barn with an adjoining … or pasture of 1 or 2 acres. 6. In large herds some … are allowed to run with the cows. 7. As the … grows the daily milk ration is to be increased. 8. The … calves are bred for the first time usually at about 2. 5 years of age.
Ex. 2. 19. Put each of the following words in its correct place in the text below and then retell it.
| Dairy keeping market legume milking | bred collect high-quality feed kept | paddocks cowshed yield milk supplies | poultry eggs grass clean acres | silage pasture grazing hay |
Dairy Farm in East Lancashire
The typical small … farm in Lancashire is a small family farm of about 40 … with 18 to 20 … cows. The farmers keep … as well. It is … for eggs. Most of the milk and … are marketed.
The land is all …. Half of it is used for … and the other half for …. The area used for grazing is divided into …. The quality of … grasses is good. Summer pasture provides … and exercise for the cows. Poultry is … only in the house. This method is known as intensive method of poultry….
There are three kinds of farm buildings on the farm. They are the hay barn, a … and a poultry house.
As it is a small family farm, the farmer has to do all the work on his farm himself.
He must feed the animals, … the cows, … eggs and … the cowshed and the poultry house. He himself takes the milk and eggs to the …. Most of the farm work is done with machines.
The principle winter feed is a … hay. … making is not popular here.
The annual milk … per cow is about 750 – 800 gallons. The farmer … the cows with 3 1/2 pounds of concentrates per gallon of milk. These concentrates are provided for cows because it is difficult to make … hay.
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Ex. 2. 20. Make up sentences. Follow the pattern.
MODEL: Is | this | high-yielding | breed | dairy.
This dairy breed is high-yielding.
1. be | silage | from | good | can | legume | made.
2. requires | cow | much | a | water | dairy.
3. farmers | their | in | cows | the | winter | keep | the | cowsheds | in.
4. tomorrow | the | will | pigsty | cleaned | be.
5. milk | much | different | require | to | cows | produce | nutrients.
Ex. 2. 21. Put questions to the following sentences.
1. Now the soil is plowed with a tractor. (What? ) 2. There are about 53500 farms in England. (How many? ) 3. Most farms in our region breed hogs and dairy cattle. (What? ) 4. In the Southern states the Jersey is more popular than other dairy breeds raised here. (Where? )
Ex. 2. 22. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Молоко – это высокопитательный молочный продукт. 2. Молоко – это хороший источник витаминов. 3. Коровы пасутся на пастбище круглый год. 4. Пастбище делится на выгоны. 5. Эта система использования пастбищ называется пастбищеоборотом. 6. Для откорма скота фермеры выращивают кукурузу и бобовые. 7. Телят содержат группами. 8. Телят отнимают от матери в возрасте 8 месяцев. 9. Телят выращивают для производства телятины. 10. Коров доят дважды в день.
Ex. 2. 23. Answer the following questions.
1. Why is dairying very important? 2. What farm animals does the farmer keep? 3. What is the area of a farm? 4. What element is milk rich in?
5. What breeds do all the cows kept on the farm belong to? 6. What is the average milk yield obtained from a cow? 7. How often are dairy cows milked? 8. Are cows milked by hand? 9. Why the cattle are kept on pastures all the year round? 10. What are the main pasture grasses? 11. What is pasture divided into? 12. How many cows are grazed to the acre? 13. What form is supplementary feed given to the dairy cows? 14. Does the amount of feed consumed by the cow per day vary or not?
Ex. 2. 24. You had your practical work on: a) a beef production farm; b) a dairy farm. Tell your groupmates about these farms.
Ex. 2. 25. One of you runs a dairy farm, the other – a beef production farm. Discuss the problems you face in running your farms.
Ex. 2. 26. Answer the following questions.
1. Would you like to be a farmer? 2. What type of farm would like to have? 3. What farm animals would you like to raise? 4. What about the size of the farm? 5. How many farm animals would you like to have? 6. What feeds will you use to feed farm animals? 7. What pastures would you like to have: natural or cultivated?
Ex. 2. 27. Translate the following text in written.
Cattle are among the most important farm animals. We eat the meat of cattle as roast beef, veal, hamburger and hot dogs. We drink the milk of cattle and use it to make butter, cheese and ice-cream. The hides of cattle provide leather for our shoes. Cattle also furnish materials for such useful items as medicines, soap and glue. In some countries cattle supply a main source of power by pulling plows, carts and wagons. In the USA the word cattle usually means cows, bulls, steers, heifers and calves. A cow is a female and a bull is a male. Steers are males whose reproductive organs have been removed by an operation. A young cow is called a heifer until she gives birth to a calf. A calf is a young heifer or a bull. The mother of a calf is called a dam, and a father is called a sire. A group of cattle is known as a herd.
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