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Truth is a single experience. Correct connection of truths. the law of consistency of true knowledge. Various theories of truth
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TRUTH IS A SINGLE EXPERIENCE
And as a single experience, any truth is specific and single. Special explanations are no longer required here, since truths come from individual states of objects and, accordingly, from their individual facts. For example, there is an eastern parable about the four blind men who felt an elephant. According to the first who touched the elephant's body, the elephant is a wall. According to the second, who touched the elephant's leg, the elephant is a column. According to the third, who touched the trunk, the elephant is a pipe. And, according to the fourth, who touched the elephant's tail, the elephant is a rope.
All four expressed the true position about the individual characteristics of the elephant. But they could not connect their conclusions into one whole. They simply did not see this whole. Likewise, a particular science often does not see the whole due to the boundaries of its subject area.
CORRECT CONNECTION OF TRUTHS
The correct connection of truths is the result of dialectical art. And if someone does not possess it, he is capable of hoarsely asserting that an elephant is only a wall and nothing more.
P21
The law of consistency of true knowledge
Facts, truths and true principles of theory are fundamentally incapable of contradicting each other. (1. 2. 8. ) 21
There is no reason for their contradiction. And if the theorist of truth did not connect the way their objects exist in Being, then truth has nothing to do with it.
The property of consistency of truths was noted by Aristotle: “Investigating the truth in one respect is difficult, in another it is easy. This can be seen from the fact that no one is able to achieve it properly, but does not completely fail, and everyone says something about nature and one by one, however, nothing or little adds to the truth, but when it all adds up, it turns out a noticeable value". (Aristotle. Works. T. 1. M., " Thought" 1975. р. 94)
The addition of a falsity of an appreciable magnitude to the truth does not produce at all.
VARIOUS THEORIES OF TRUTH
Marxist philosophy has invented an absolutely non-existent " absolute truth". Whereas in reality the role of the so-called. " Absolute truth" is played by the theory of the subject. In the theory of an object, different truths of similar objects are connected in such a way as if they arose from one object.
P22. The main law of knowledge
Such objects necessarily have a similar content, and therefore many similar signs. On the basis of which many truths about such objects are valid and necessary foundations of a true theoretical model of the type of object. (1. 2. 9. )
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A subject is understandable when it is comprehensible in a situation (in connections) and in content (in its essence). Otherwise, it appears only as a phenomenon.
Eventually. Only now can we speak of truths and truths as simple and understandable objects. And then many special sciences talk about truth and truth as a matter of course. A number of facts are indicative that in no logic there is a correct definition of truth. Therefore, today it is difficult to distinguish truth from falsehood. But it is precisely the truth that is the first quality of scientific knowledge!
Lecture 3
I don't care where to start
for again there I will return.
Parmenides
SYSTEMIC CONTENT OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
• The main form of scientific knowledge
• System of scientific knowledge
• The main element of scientific knowledge
• Subject area of theory
• The essence of the theory
• Dialectical law of theory
• Completeness of theory
• Spatial structure of the theory
• Consistency of theory
• The novelty of the theory
• Argumentation is the opposite of doubt
THE MAIN FORM OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
Scientific knowledge exists in several forms:
1. In the form of passive knowledge in the form of texts and diagrams.
2. In the form of active knowledge in the form of scientific concepts of the human mind.
3. In the form of active knowledge of devices.
Science is knowledge that teaches. It has been developing for millennia. Her truths are unchanging and eternal.
P23
The main form of scientific knowledge is its passive sign-schematic form in the form of texts, diagrams and other unchanging blocks of information. (1. 3. 1. ) 23
It is such scientific knowledge in its main passive form that constitutes the entire content of Science. Moreover, truths can exist only in this form.
Active scientific knowledge carries out creative activities. They develop passive scientific knowledge (Science). But active knowledge is changeable and lacks longevity. They die with the scientists.
Passive knowledge is knowledge on passive carriers.
Active knowledge is knowledge capable of manifesting one's own inner activity. Therefore, they can only exist on active media. The basis of any active knowledge is always an active rule. This is equally natural for the active knowledge of the psyche, and for active knowledge of the logical device.
SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM
The system of scientific knowledge has a number of levels:
1. The level of facts. Facts are the " matter" of scientific knowledge.
2. The level of truths. This level of knowledge includes its facts.
3. The level of principles. It includes relevant facts and truths.
4. The level of theories. It includes relevant facts, truths, reasoning, and principles.
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5. The level of areas of private science.
6. The level of private sciences.
7. The level of philosophy.
Science is a unified system of knowledge of all available sciences.
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