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P355. The principle of discreteness of the visual light image
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P355. The principle of discreteness of the visual light image
Any visual light image of an object must be discrete. The data of such an image is always and necessarily a fact that reflects the state of the depicted object. (3. 4. 1. ) 355
There are no moving light images.
3. The screen of the optical system of the eye is the upper light-sensitive layer of the retina, which consists of 137 million photoreceptors. This is a photomatrix *.
P356. Topical principle of the photoreceptor
Each receptor of the photosensitive layer of the retina of the eye necessarily has its own specific place on it. Thus, this layer of the retina is a photoreceptor matrix (photomatrix). (3. 4. 1. ) 356
Note: The term " topical" is not new. For example: “TOPIC [gr. topikos] - honey. local; t-kaya diagnostics - determining the location of the focus of the disease. " (Dictionary of foreign words. M., " Soviet Encyclopedia", 1964)
The term " photomatrix" is new. On the one hand, it is much shorter than the term " light-sensitive layer of the retinal receptors", and on the other hand, it clearly reflects the content of its object. It is a layer of light-sensitive cells (rods and cones) that are capable of converting light signal energy into nerve impulse energy. The rods (there are about 130 million of them) provide vision in low light conditions, but are not able to distinguish colors. There are up to 7 million cones and they are color-selective.
4. The field of view of the eye is determined by the optical system of the eye itself. This is the corporeal angle of view of the eye, within which visible objects are located.
P357. The principle of the field of view of the eye
The field of vision of the eye is the corporeal angle of vision of the eye, determined by the optical system of the eye, beyond which external light signals are no longer projected onto the light-sensitive layer of the retina. The axis of the visual field of the eye is the optical axis of vision that passes through the center of the retina and the center of the pupil. The field of view of the eye is also the field of photoreception. (3. 4. 1. ) 357
Photoreceptors, by virtue of the topical principle of the photoreceptor (356), divide the photomatrix into sensitive material points.
P358. Photoreceptor beam principle
Since any photoreceptor necessarily has its specific place on the photosensitive layer of the retina, it always and necessarily corresponds to a certain direction in the field of vision of the eye. (3. 4. 1. ) 358
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The retinal receptor is responsible for about 1/137 million of the eye's field of view. But this is on average, since the receptors are unevenly located on the surface of the retina.
5. Control of the field of view is of the following nature. The density of receptors on the light-sensitive surface of the retina (photomatrix) is not at all uniform. Therefore, those light images or their parts that are closer to the center of the photomatrix (closer to the central fovea) receive higher clarity.
The situational vision area is the entire field of view of the eye.
P359
All photoreceptors of the retina correspond to the area of the situational vision of the eye. (3. 4. 1. ) 359
This zone is responsible for diffuse vision, where all objects in the eye's field of view are immediately visible.
The object vision area is much narrower.
P360
Photoreceptors of the middle zone of the retina (about 10% of their total number) correspond to the zone of object vision of the eye. (3. 4. 1. ) 360
These receptors simultaneously belong to the zone of situational vision, but the quality of sensations in them is completely different from that of peripheral receptors, since cones are present here. And the receptors are located here more densely than on the periphery of the retina. In this zone, the gas is guided by one object, but not by itself, but according to the commands of the mental attention control centers. There are centers of involuntary and voluntary attention of the mind. In addition, there is also the center of attention of the subconscious. So there is a close interaction between all of these focus areas.
To place the image of the desired object in the middle of the photomatrix (in the central fovea), it is enough for the eye to direct the axis of view to it. Take a look, so to speak. But attention centers are engaged in highlighting the priority objects of such a view. It is they who determine the sequence in which it is necessary to produce a clear perception of certain objects. After all, the eye sees everything that is only in its field of vision, but it sees in different ways, because clear images are obtained only in the middle region of the light-sensitive layer of the retina (in the central fossa).
P361
The axis of vision of the eye is jointly controlled by the centers of attention of the subconscious and the mind by directing it to the object that has the highest priority in these centers of attention. (3. 4. 1. ) 361
Controlling visual attention without controlling the axis of vision of the eye is simply impossible. This phenomenon was investigated by the famous Russian physiologist I. M. Sechenov: “At the bottom of the eye, on the side opposite to the pupil, the end of the optic nerve lies in the form of a continuous membrane. On this membrane, as on a photographic plate, images of objects lying in front of the eye are drawn, and the presence of these images is absolutely necessary in order for a visual sensation to be possible. Not all areas of the optic membrane, however, are equally sensitive to light; the sharpest light sensations are obtained only when the image of an object falls on a part of the optic membrane lying in the direction of the line defined as follows: if you look at an object lying in front of us, with both eyes (I mean an adult) at once and stretch from the object straight lines to the centers of the pupils and then imagine these lines extended inside the eye, then they will fall in the middle of the place of the optic membrane most sensitive to light. These lines are called the axes of vision". (Sechenov I. M. Selected works. T. 1. Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952)
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