Forms used in slogans, oaths, curses, wishes, and imprecations.

 

Exercise 1. Find an adequate translation in Russian for the following traditional expressions:

 

1. Long live May Day! 2. “Far be it from me,” he said, “to interfere with your arrangements.” 3. Long live heroes! 4. “I like your young girl, Denny,” said his grandmother. “Be yours a happy marriage.” 5. Far be it from me to spoil the party! 6. Long live our military forces! 7. Confound your ideas! 8. God save the queen. 9. The Devil take her! 10. God bless you! 11. May you be lucky! 12. Long live our homeland! 13. Far be it from me to deceive you! 14. Confound the politics! 15. Manners be hanged! 16. Far be it from me to go there alone! 17. The Devil take you! What are you going to do with it? 18. May success attend you! 19. May you be happy! 20. “God save the king!” shouted the crowd. 21. Heaven forbid! I have nothing to do with it. 22. May they win! 23. Long live our sportsmen! 24. Be it so. 25. God damn it. 26. God rest his soul. 27. Confound it! 28. Heaven help us. 29. God save us. 30. Suffice these few examples. 31. God forbid that I should stop at it. 32. Is that the London cook, the devil take him? 33. Heaven save me from such a friend. 34. Far be it from to marry for money. 35. Peace be with you. 36. Blessed be the day of his birth! 37. Be yours a lucky choice!

 

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences into English.

 

1. Пусть ваша жизнь будет долгой и счастливой! 2. К чёрту ваши идеи! 3. Да чтоб я поцеловала его! 4. Да здравствует праздник ничегонеделания! 5. Боже упаси! Она не оценит вашей шутки. 6. Будьте здоровы, но в следующий раз постарайтесь отвернуться, когда чихаете. 7. Не дай бог увидеть её без косметики! 8. Да здравствуют работники тяжёлой промышленности! 9. Да чтоб я стал с ней спорить! Лучше сразу повеситься! 10. Чтоб я сказал вам такие ужасные слова! 11. Благословенен будет тот день! 12. Будьте счастливы! Имейте много здоровья, денег и детей! 13. Да сопутствует вам удача во всех ваших начинаниях! 14. Да чтоб я обидел ребёнка! 15. Не дай бог ей стать директором! 16. К чёрту его сомнения!

 

2. Formulaic expressions with concessive meaning and the expression as it were used as parenthesis.

 

Exercise 3. Find an adequate translation in Russian for the following traditional expressions:

 

1. “Was it you I saw there?” “What should I do there? However, be that as it may, I never was there.” 2. Suffice it to say that his idea lacked originality. 3. My aunt believes she is doing good to the village, as it were. 4. The actress, as it were, did not suit the role. 5. As luck would have it, I got a ten pound check from my father that morning. 6. Come what may, he decided to sell the house. 7. They were busy packing and, as it were, took no notice of me. 8. I have written few pages that I feel I could not improve, but I could do no better, as it were. 9. The actress, as it were, did not suit the role.

 

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into English.

 

1. Я, так сказать, ничего не могу сказать по этому поводу. 2. Рыба была, так сказать не первой свежести. 3. Случись что угодно, я не вернусь. 4. Я бы лучше поспала часиков пять-шесть. 5. Я, так сказать, ничего не знаю, ни куда не летаю. 6. Вам бы лучше не есть арбуз на ночь. 7. Он был болен, так сказать. 8. Мы, так сказать, просто забыли позвонить вам. 9. Она была, так сказать, девушкой лёгкого поведения. 10. Он, так сказать, опять не выключил свет в туалете.

 

Formulaic expressions: revision.

 

Exercise 5. Use the correct forms of the infinitives in brackets.

 

1. Far (to be) it from me to contradict you. You always think you know better. 2. You (to be) happy! 3. “So you went and told him everything, just like that?” “God (to forbid)! 4. “Your language, dear. Mind your language.” “Language (to damn)! I’ll speak as I like!”5. Far (to be) it from me to spoil your fun, but there is a lady downstairs with a message. 6. “How about crosswords? I could get you a book of them.” “God (to forbid).” 7. Long (to live) our glorious team! 8. So (to be) it! 9. God (to save) the king!

 

Exercise 6. Add one of these common phrases to each of the sentences: come what may, suffice it to say, be that as it may, God forbid, so be it, far be it from me

1. If, …, you were to die, who’d run the business? 2. I don’t want to explain. … Aunt Sarah is coming to stay after all. 3. If you really want to drop out of college, then …. 4. …, I’m determined to finish decorating my room this weekend. 5. … to tell you what to do, but you’d be mad to marry him. 6. “This medicine tastes horrible!” “ …, it will cure your cough.”

 

Exercise 7. Translate into English.

 

1. Боже упаси вас делать такие ошибки! 2. Да сопутствует вам успех! 3. Пусть ваша жизнь будет долгой и счастливой! 4. Демонстранты кричали: «Да здравствует мир на нашем континенте и во всем мире!» 5. Я, так сказать, не люблю, когда меня называют только по-отчеству, без имени. 6. Случись всё, как получиться, мы не будем сожалеть. 7. Не дай бог услышать его пение ещё раз! 8. Надо говорить «Будьте здоровы!», если кто-то чихнёт. 9. Мы, так сказать, решили пожениться. 10. «Да будет так!» сказал судья, и объявил перерыв.

 

 

UNIT 11

REVISION

 

Exercise 1. Choose the most suitable tense.

 

1. I wish Peter doesn’t live / didn’t live / wouldn’t live so far away from the town centre. We’ll have to take a taxi. 2. I feel rather cold. I wish I brought / had brought my pullover with me. 3. Imagine you live / lived in New York. How would you feel? 4. I wish you tell / told / had told me about the test. I haven’t done any revision. 5. I wish the people next door hadn’t made / wouldn’t make / couldn’t make so much noise. I can’t hear myself think! 6. If only I have / had / would have a screwdriver with me. 7. I’m sorry I missed your birthday party. I really wish I come / came / had come / would come. 8. I’d rather you don’t tell / didn’t tell anyone about our conversation. 9. Having a lovely time in Brighton. I wish you are / were / had been here. Love, Sheila. 10. This car was a complete waste of money. I wish I didn’t buy it / hadn’t bought it. 11. A cheque is all right, but I’d rather you pay / paid me cash. 12. What a pity. I wish we don’t have to / didn’t have to / wouldn’t have to leave. I’ve just started to enjoy myself. 13. Darling I love you so much! I wish we are / had been / would be / could be together always! 14. If you want to catch the last train, it’s time you leave / left. 15. I like my new boss but I wish she gave / would give / could give me some more responsibility. 16. I’d rather we stay / stayed at home this Christmas for a change. 17. If only I didn’t drink / hadn’t drunk the fourth bottle of wine. 18. It’s high time you learn / learned to look after yourself.

 

Exercise 2. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable tense.

 

1. This train journey seems endless! I wish we (go)... by car. 2. I wish I (have) … the money to buy some new clothes, but I can’t afford it at the moment. 3. What can we do to get in touch with Robert? If only we (know) … his phone number. 4. I’m getting really soaked! I wish I (not forget) … my umbrella. 5. I wish you (not do) … that! It’s a really annoying habit. 6. Suppose you (see) … a ghost. What would you do? 7. I wish I (study) … harder for my exams. I don’t think I’m going to pass. 8. It’s high time you (start) … working more seriously. 9. I’m afraid I have no idea where Diana has gone. I wish I (know) … 10. Your hair is rather long. Don’t you think it’s time you (have) … a haircut? 11. I wish the government (do) … something about the pollution in this city. 12. Come on children! It’s time you (be) … in bed. 13. Actually I’d rather you (not smoke) … in here. 14. That was a lovely meal, but I wish I (not eat) … so much. 15. I’m so annoyed about my car accident. If only I (be) … more careful! 16. I wish you (not leave) … your dirty shoes in your bedroom! 17. I’d rather you (not put) … your coffee on top of my book. 18. I’ve no idea where we are! If only we (have) … a map. 19. Visiting museums is interesting I suppose, but I’d sooner we (go) … swimming.

 

Exercise 3. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.

 

a) It would be nice to be able to fly a plane.

could I wish I … a plane.

b) Please don’t eat in the classroom.

you I’d rather … classroom.

c) I think we should leave now.

we I think it’s … left.

d) What a pity we ate all the food.

only If … all the food!

e) It’s a shame we don’t have a video.

wish I... a video.

f) Don’t shout all the time, it’s so annoying!

wouldn't I … shout all the time!

g) I don’t want you to buy me a present.

sooner I’d … buy me a present.

h) I don’t like being so tall.

wish I … so tall.

i) We ought to start work now.

started It’s … work.

j) I regret not going to university.

had I … to university.

 

Exercise 4. Use the infinitives in brackets in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian. Analyze the sentences.

 

1. The Archons were sure it would have been their father’s wish, as it was their own, that I (to make) an epitaph. 2. He (to like) to make his own mark and hoped to do it, but was too prudent to make any changes yet. 3. It (to be) best if I (to give) her the money. 4. He was far from a bad poet. If he (to stay) in Athens, he (to go on) to tragedy. 5. He came to me to report his triumph. “What could I do? I wish I (to let) it alone. I wish I never (to find out).” 6. He had no time even to ask questions, lest he (to miss) something. 7. “You said ‘if’ at first. Now you’re talking as if everything (to settle).” 8. I came at first like a thief in the night, lest he (to notice) me, and (to ask) me some question which would show up my stupidity so that I (not to dare) to go again. 9. If he (not to be) strong for his age, he (cannot bring) me the little way to his house; for my knees failed under me as we went. But for his arms I (to fall). 10. She caught her breath as if I (to slap) her. 11. We stared at the odd garment and wondered what it was for. “You can’t possibly wear that, Mother,” said Margot, horrified, “why it looks as though it (to make) in nineteen-twenty.” 12. “Can’t one of us write and say you’re ill?” suggested Margot. “You’ll do nothing of the sort,” said Mother firmly. “If you (to do) that she (to come) straight out to nurse me.” 13. If only, he thought, I (can know) for certain when the duenna takes her day off. 14. “You may be hiding other things, too. It seems to me it’s about time some of us (to begin) telling the truth — for a change.” 15. I wish you (not to be) so absurdly persistent, Robert.

 

*Exercise 5. Use the infinitives in brackets in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian. Analyze the sentences.

 

1. “Robert, did you take that money?” “Of course not. Do you think, even if I (to take) it, I (to let) poor Martin shoulder the blame like that?” 2. “You’re talking now as if you (to know) a lot more about Martin than we did.” “What I do know is that he must have had some reason”. 3. I wish you (to tell) me. Why didn’t you tell me? 4. If he just (to wound), I’m sure I (to stay) with him. But he wasn’t. He was dead. 5. I’m glad all this has come out. I wish to God I (to know) earlier, that’s all. 6. We put up a good show, didn’t we? What (to happen) if we (to go on) pretending like hell to be happy together? 7. Strange, isn’t it — that you (to feel) like that about me all the time? 8. The arrangement was that he (to fix) his car in my absence. 9. Still shouting and sobbing, Bernard was carried out. “One (to think) he was going to have his throat cut,” said the Controller. “Whereas, if he (to have) the smallest sense, he (to understand) that his punishment is really a reward.” 10. My patient expressed the request that she (to operate) on by you, Doctor Steel. 11. If only he (not to interfere)! 12. I feel as if I (can sleep) for a week. 13. Does he ever ask you now whether you see me? What you (to answer) if he (to do)? 14. “I wish I never (to come) here,” she said suddenly: “and I’ll never come again!” 15. “Why is he here, then?” “He probably wants to see me. He looks as if he (cannot make up) his mind.” 16. There was a wonderful concert at the Victoria Hall we (can, go) to. But now we are late for anything. 17. He was not well off and he went about in dread lest he (to dismiss).

 

*Exercise 6. Supply the necessary forms expressing unreality for the verbs given in brackets.

1. Oh, if only you (to be) as you used to be. 2. I wish you (to turn) the radio down. 3. It’s desirable that the issue (to settle) as soon as possible. 4. He asked me to stay with him in the country so that he (to read) his novel to me when it was finished. 5. She arranged that the next morning the boy (to come) to the house where she had taken a room so that they (to spend) the day together. 6. He feared that after twenty years he (to find) his sister a rather disillusioned woman. 7. His mother knew very well who the man was, but wanted to act as though she (to have) no idea of it. 8. He got his sister to make herself scarce for a few hours so that his new friend (not to know) that he did not live alone. 9. When the boys learned of Peter’s diary it was inevitable that they also (to set) writing diaries of their own. 10. He insisted that people in plays (to talk) as they talked in real life. 11. I wish I (to see) more of them before the war. 12. Now if I (to get) Helen sacked, this of course (to mean) telling everybody what she did. 13. “I’m afraid I can’t stay”, I said. “If I (to stay) I (to have) to tell things that they (not to like) and that (to spoil) their fun”. 14. It was agreed that Paul (to meet) his mother at the station so that he (to show) her his apartment. 15. I (not to tell) you anything even if I (can, remember) the facts. 16. It (to help) if you (to let) me know what you saw. 17. I know I’ve broken your life. And we (may, be) so happy. 18. He was afraid that he (to forget) the name and asked me to out it down for him.

 

*Exercise 7. Supply the necessary forms expressing unreality for the verbs given in brackets.

 

1. In the old days she (to argue), but now she only nodded sadly. 2. I wish I (to have) a lot of money. I (not to live) another day in London. 3. Of course, I told myself, he (may, detain) but surely in that case he (to telephone) to me. 4. When he rang up home, his wife was not in. Normally it (not to upset) him but today he needed her advice badly. 5. In my reply to her I suggested that she (to arrive) at my office on Monday. 6. Ed proposed that he (to fetch) Ratt at five so that they (to drive) out together to Jack’s house. 7. It (to make) small difference to the universe if I never (to exist). 8. There were moments when she wished she never (to come) away. 9. As Paula had spent the whole day with them, he insisted that she (to go) for a walk in the park. 10. The Colonel proposed that they (to give) a dinner party to the new comers. 11. He has given instructions that all the papers (to send) up immediately. 12. Somehow I felt guilty as though there (to be) something I (may, do) for him that I hadn’t. 13. I never (may, meet) him but for the chance of his getting drunk one evening in my college. 14. His fellow-student’s suggestion was that they (to ride) over to London to spend two nights with friends of his. 15. It’s time we (to have) a break. I wish I (can, have) a cup of tea. 16. If you (to change) your mind and (stay) here I’ll take you on a boat trip on Sunday. 17. If it (not to be) for Jim the party (to be) more fun. 18. He spoke very softly as if he (to be) afraid of being overheard. 19. When he entered the room they changed the subject of their conversation whatever it (to be). 20. If Ed (to learn) about it he will probably never speak to me again. 21. It’s high time you (to go) and (to leave) me in peace.

 

*Exercise 8. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.

 

1. I’d sooner you (do) something with your time rather than sit around all day. 2. He didn’t win a prize, but he looked as though he (win) one. 3. If you hadn’t seen the car in time, it (hit) you. 4. Supposing I offered you the job, (you take) it? 5. It’s about time you (go) on a holiday. 6. Suppose you (see) a mad dog, what would you do? 7. I’d rather you (not drive) so fast, Nick. 8. It would have been better if you (tell) me the truth. 9. Sue went to France this year, but she says she would rather (go) to Spain. 10. It’s a shame you missed the party; I would rather you (be) there. 11. John had better (not speak) to me like that again. 12. He says he’d rather (cook) his own food than eat in restaurants. 13. I’d rather you (not mention) this to anyone until next week. 14. Tim’s mother would rather he (work) closer to home than he does. 15. The soup would have tasted better if you (not put) so much pepper in it. 16. Greg says he would rather (not leave) things as they are. 17. I wish I (be) as good as you at mathematics. 18. It seemed as if he (not understand) the question. 19. I wouldn’t have given him all that money if you (not advise) me to. 20. Crime will continue to rise unless more police (be) put on the streets. 21. If he (play) better, he would have won the game. 22. I wish Jim (not move) to London last year as I hardly see him now.

 

Exercise 9. Use the infinitives in brackets in the correct form. Translate the sentences into Russian. Analyze the sentences.

 

1. He had to send for those troops when Smith broke his news. If he (to have) any foreknowledge of what Smith was going to say, he (to bring) those troops with him. 2. If she (not to keep) her schoolbooks he never (may start) on the road that led to his knowledge. 3. The children would soon be separated from their grandmother, the arrangements had been made, and it was about time they (to inform). 4. When, at bedtime, Clara revealed the plan that both children (to go) and (to live) with her, even Emma greeted the suggestion with enthusiasm. 5. Robert Brenham was very cool about his elevation. Just as he (to be), if he (to get) the job. 6. The first murder was almost accidental. Indeed, if it ever (to go) to court the charge probably (to be) manslaughter. 7. “If you (to know) what I had had to put up with recently,” he said almost tearfully. “If you only (to know)!” 8. The appointment had merely confirmed his own high opinion of himself. Just as it (to confirm) Graham’s self-image he (to get) it. 9. “Are you drunk still?” “I wish I (to be), sir. But it’s true.” 10. It’s better that one of you (to be) in the street, isn’t it? 11. He was like a man pursued, but pursued by enemies he does not wish to see, lest they (to seem) more hostile even than he had supposed. 12. He groaned. He (to feel) even worse, but for that second blow. 13. Each moment, each action was as if it (to be) their last.

 

Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

 

1. It’s just struck midnight. It’s high time we … (leave) 2. If only we … (have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box. 3. You … (have) better take off your wet shoes. 4. He walks as if he … (have) a wooden leg. 5. He talks as if he … (do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it. 6. “Can I take your best umbrella?” “I’d rather you … (take) the other one.” 7. I wish I … (know) what is wrong with my car. 8. It looks like rain; you … (have) better take a coat. 9. I wish I … (ask) the fishmonger to clean these fish. (I’m sorry I didn’t ask him.) 10. It’s time we … (do) something to stop road accidents. 11. The cheese looks as if rats … (nibble) it. 12. It’s high time they … (mend) this road. 13. He always talks as though he … (address) a public meeting. 14. He treats us as if we … (be) all idiots. 15. Wife: I’d like to get a job. Husband: I’d much rather you … (stay) at home and … (look) after the house. 16. If you … (tie) the boat up, it wouldn’t have drifted away. 17. I wish you … (not give) him my phone number. (I’m sorry you gave it to him.) 18. If only he … (know) then that the disease was curable! 19. Suppose you … (not know) where your next meal was coming from? 20. You talk as though it … (be) a small thing to leave your country for ever. 21. I hate driving. I’d much rather you … (drive). 22. If only I … (be) insured! (But I wasn’t insured.) 23. “But I told you what to do.” “I know you did. If only I … (take) your advice!” 24. I wish transistor radios never … (be) invented. 25. If only I … (keep) my mouth shut! (I said something which made matters much worse.) 26. “I’ll pay you by cheque monthly.” “I’d rather you … (pay) me cash weekly.”

 

Exercise 11. Supply the necessary forms expressing unreality for the verbs given in brackets:

 

1. Oh, if only you … (to be) as you used to be. 2. I wish you … (to turn) the radio down. 3. It’s desirable that the issue … (to settle) as soon as possible. 4. He asked me to stay with him in the country so that he … (to read) his novel to me when it was finished. 5. She arranged that next morning the boy … (to come) to the house where she had taken a room so that they … (to spend) the day together. 6. He feared that after twenty years he … (to find) his sister a rather disillusioned woman. 7. His mother knew very well who the man was, but wanted to act as though she … (to have) no idea of it. 8. He got his sister to make herself scarce for a few hours so that his new friend … (not to know) that he did not live alone. 9. When the boys learned of Peter’s diary it was inevitable that they also … (to set) writing diaries of their own. 10. He insisted that people in plays … (to talk) as they talked in real life. 11. I wish I … (to see) more of them before the war. 12. Now if I … (to get) Helen sacked, this of course … (to mean) telling everybody what she did. 13. “I’m afraid I can’t stay,” I said. “If I … (to stay) I … (to have) to tell things that they (not to like) and that … (to spoil) their fun.” 14. It was agreed that Paul … (to meet) his mother at the station so that he … (to show) her his apartment. 15. I … (not to tell) you anything even if I … (can, remember) the facts. 16. It (to help) if you … (to let) me know what you saw. 17. I know I’ve broken your life. And we … (may, be) so happy.

 

Exercise 12. Supply suitable verb forms in these sentences.

 

1. Marion proposed that we … (to buy) a gift for Jim who would soon be leaving the firm. 2. The travel agent recommended that we … (to avoid) driving abroad during the holidays. 3. I suggest that he … (not to raise) this matter during the meeting. 4. It’s urgent that we … (to send) the information now. 5. All I ask is that they … (not to break) the rules. 6. What does he advise she … (to do)? 7. It’s essential that she … (to return) home now. 8. It’s no good demanding that we … (to improve) our performance. We’re doing our best. 9. I would only request that you … (to take) good care of this flat while you’re living in it. 10. Her solicitor insisted that she … (not to delay) in signing the contract. 11. It’s vital that he … (to be) informed. 12. I suggest we … (to take) a taxi if we want to get to the meeting on time. 13. I’m eager that she... (to be) present at the meeting. 14. He asks that he … (to be) allowed to visit his children once a week. 15. If I (be) in the post office five minutes earlier, I would have witnessed the robbery. 16. I wish I (invite) more people to my fancy dress party last week. 17. If I (not be) afraid of heights, I would try parachuting. 18. If you (not let) her make her own decisions, she will never learn. 19. We’d better (take) some money for a taxi in case we miss the last bus home.

 

Exercise 13. Rewrite the sentences, using the words given in brackets.

 

1. I wanted him to take legal advice. (suggest) 2. The new trainer wants to hand in his notice already? I just don’t believe it. (incredible) 3. Factory inspectors wanted new safety rules to be introduced. (recommend) 4. I have put everything in writing. I want you to know exactly how things stand. (so that) 5. Some students tend to feel a little homesick in their first week here. I can understand that. (normal) 6. The judge wanted the court to adjourn for lunch. (order) 7. He left the letter on the hall table. He wanted me to be sure of seeing it when I came in. (so that) 8. The Speaker wanted the MP to withdraw his remark. (rule) 9. The two students talked in undertones. They didn’t want the teacher to overhear what they were saying. (so that) 10. Children must be taught the difference between right and wrong. I believe that strongly. (important) 11. The Colonel wanted his troops to attack at dawn. (decide) 12. The police issued a warning. They wanted the public to be aware of the danger. (in order that) 13. Why has he complained now, right at the end of his course? I just can’t work it out. (odd) 14. I’m taking an umbrella. It may rain. (in case) 15. The leader of the expedition wanted them to make a further attempt to reach the summit while the weather held. (propose) 16. I wonder why she left without saying anything. I’d really like to know. (bewildering) 17. He keeps his wife’s jewels in the bank. He fears the house may be burgled. (lest) 18. Teachers wanted more nursery schools to be set up. (advocate) 19. The magistrate wanted the man to be released. (direct) 20. I don’t want you to think I’m not telling the truth. I have brought two witnesses with me. (lest) 21. The police wanted members of the public not to approach the two men but to report to the nearest police station. (give instructions) 22. He sent his son to university. He wanted him to have the best possible chance of a good career. (so that) 23. I asked you to come here. I wanted you to have an opportunity to explain things yourself. (so that) 24. Shareholders wanted the Board to give more detailed information about profits. (demand) 25. Loudspeakers were fixed in an adjoining hall. Everyone would have an opportunity to hear the speech. (so that) 26. The employers wanted the men to return to work so that negotiations could begin. (urge) 27. I’ll give you my telephone number. You may want to get in touch with me again. (in case)

 

Exercise 14. Complete the following sentences using the analytical forms of the Subjunctive Mood or modal verbs with the simple or perfect infinitive.

 

Example: Unfortunately the tram was overcrowded, otherwise.

...otherwise we would have taken the tram (otherwise we could have taken the tram).

 

1. It is lucky you picked up a taxi, otherwise... 2. Why didn’t you tell them the truth? In your place... 3. Thank you for your help; without it... 4. I had a terrible headache on Sunday; but for this... 5. We didn’t attend the conference as we did not know the exact date, or else... 6. My vacation this year is too short, so I can’t go far, otherwise... 7. I managed to finish the repairs so quickly because my brother helped me, otherwise... 8. You can’t bathe in the river today, it is too cold, or else... 9. I have a bad toothache as I failed to go to the dentist this week. But for the toothache... 10. Why are you so shy with strangers? Even a child... 11. You are not on speaking terms, are you? But for that quarrel last week... 12. Why don’t you take music lessons? With your good ear for music... 13. We are sure she will be a great success at the concert, otherwise... 14. Why don’t you explain the rules to them? Knowing the rules... 15. I knew you needed the book badly, therefore I return it at once. Under other circumstances... 16. I wonder why he behaved so foolishly on hearing that silly remark. A clever man...

 

Exercise 15. Paraphrase the following sentences using the subjunctive mood. Analyze the sentences.

 

1. I’ve brought you here for you to see everything with your own eyes. 2. He thought it time to drop the matter completely. 3. If asked, he would know what to answer. 4. But for that mistake your work could be perfect. 5. It’s absolutely impossible for us to act in a different way. 6. The inspector demanded to be shown the factory grounds. 7. But for your help the experiment would have gone sour. 8. Don’t you find it strange for him to be late? It’s high time for him to join us. 9. I’m sorry to bother you, but the chief insisted on your seeing him before you leave. 10. Even if tired, he found time to answer every question. 11. She interfered with their argument as if having a right to do so. 12. I find it better for them to reconsider while there is still time for it. 13. We would have sailed out even in strong wind. 14. Everyone was appalled by the idea of inviting Vivian too. 15. My only wish is to see you happy. 16. “Tell me how it happened.” No sooner had he started than I regretted I had asked.

 

Exercise 16. Rewrite the following sentences with a suitable that-clause.

 

1. How odd! Both our wives have the same name. 2. The manufacturer recommends heating the element for five minutes before use. 3. The commanding officer gave the order for them to go forward. 4. Quite naturally, you’re upset about what’s happened. 5. My lawyer considers it extremely inadvisable for me to appear in person. 6. They have asked for him to be released on bail pending an appeal. 7. It’s incredible! We’ve been living in the same street for two years and have never got to know each other. 8. Their decision that he should be promoted is a good one. 9. It is essential that we are kept fully informed of any developments. 10. The UN’s insistence that he accepts the terms of the ceasefire seemed inflexible. 11. Whether the referee is right or not, the decision cannot be overturned. 12. Whatever she decides, we cannot change our plans. 13. She insisted that I didn’t talk to anyone else about what I saw. 14. You missed the one talk that was worth hearing. What a pity! 15. That’s curious! He asked you to come rather than me. 16. May I suggest getting a second opinion on the matter? 17. It’s typical of him. He expects everyone else to do all the work. 18. We really must insist on the officer concerned responding to our demands. 19. It is essential for Arthur to complete the research before the end of the year. 20. The committee have requested his presence at the meeting. 21. We deem it imperative for our client to have sight of all the relevant documents. 22. Isn’t it odd! They’re getting married, after all they’ve said about marriage. 23. You have to pay so much tax. It’s crazy! 24. The opposition are demanding the truth from the minister. 25. Look over the agreement before you sign it. This is essential.

 

Exercise 17. Paraphrase the following sentences using the subjunctive mood. Analyze the sentences.

 

1. Martin looked around him as if not knowing where he was. 2. Martin looked amused as if having just heard a joke. 3. Have you arranged for our things to be taken to the hotel? 4. His demand to be given access to the files was refused. 5. He seemed to have done nothing wrong. It was a pity I couldn’t believe him. 6. I’ve just phoned home for my parents to know where I am. 7. Why do you expect me to do it? I don’t think I promised anything. (It’s not as if...) 8. I’m sorry to have come here at all. It’s a pity you invited me. 9. I did everything for her not to worry. I was very anxious for her not to be disturbed by the news. 10. Why don’t they stop this constant noise? 11. I regret having brought you here. But I did it for you to be able to judge for yourself. 12. Don’t you think it strange for Karen to have forgotten to call? 13. Even if threatened, he wouldn’t have changed his mind. 14. Emergency supplies must reach the area quickly. This is vital. 15. Mother suggested our going to the hospital at once. Everyone agreed. 16. We propose the Council’s publication of the information without delay. 17. You’ve bought the house we once thought of buying ourselves. How interesting! 18. Read the instructions carefully before you start answering the questions. This is important. 19. How splendid! You’ll be coming to live near us.

 

Exercise 18. Define the type of the subordinate clauses in the following sentences and change them into object clauses preserving the same means of expressing desirable and problematic actions.

 

Example: The captain gave an order that the steamer should be unloaded at once.

The captain ordered (It was ordered) that the steamer should be unloaded at once.

 

1. The proposal was that the treaty should be signed at once. 2. The chairman expressed the desire that the meeting be adjourned. 3. The doctor’s advice was that the child should be taken to hospital. 4. The workers’ demand was that new equipment be installed. 5. The host made a proposal that the visitors should pass into the drawing-room. 6. His suggestion was that everybody be there till morning. 7. Margaret’s proposal was that her brothers should mind their own business and never bother her. 8. Our teacher’s advice was that we should buy that book, because it would help us to be prepared for our exams. 9. The order was that the troops retreat. 10. The fear was that he would be recognized never left him.

 

Exercise 19. Correct the errors in these sentences, one sentence contains no errors.

 

1. If you would have bought it last week, the price didn’t have go up. 2. If you have been feeling unwell, you should go to see the doctor. 3. She says that if it weren’t for the tax system, she’ll be much better off. 4. There wouldn’t be so much poverty when less money is spent on arms. 5. If you shouldn’t arrive in time, they won’t let you into the concert. 6. If I were born rich, I hadn’t needed to work. 7. If you’d let me know if you arrived, I’d meet you at the airport. 8. I’ll be surprised unless prices go up next year. 9. If I’d seen him, I would have telephoned you. 10. If I would have seen him, I’d telephone you. 11. I would have locked the door if you’d asked me. 12. She might have changed the schedule if you’d given her a ring. 13. He might go if you would have told him to. 14. I’ll turn up at three o’clock if I would have known. 15. If you hadn’t lit that match, the gas main wouldn’t have exploded. 16. I would have gone to the reception if you are asking me. 17. If you hadn’t been so dishonest, there wouldn’t have been such a scandal. 18. If you are sick, you would have had to stop working here. 19. You are beautiful and it’s right that you would possess beautiful things. 20. I think you’d better to come with me to Venice. 21. Almost anyone else with those looks should have been tempted to become artistic. 22. If we were caught last night – what should have happened to us? 23. “I always wish I would be like you,” she said. 24. Bo suggested that I would go out and help them. 25. Miss Brown trembled lest he should not knock her china over as he went round the room. 26. You would better keep out of sight until it’s all over.

 

Exercise 20. Decide whether each sentence is grammatically possible or not.

 

1. If it isn’t for David, we are missing the bus. 2. If you haven’t received a letter yet, you haven’t got the job. 3. If it’s raining, we go to the pub on the corner instead. 4. If you didn’t lend us the money, we would have gone to the bank. 5. If it wasn’t for the rain, we would have been home by now. 6. If you should happen to change your mind, drop me a line. 7. If you will drive so fast, no wonder the police keep stopping you. 8. If I knew you were coming, I would have met you at the airport. 9. I’d rather you don’t eat all the bread. 10. I wish I own a motorbike. 11. I wish we are not leaving in the morning. 12. I hope it would stop raining. 13. I wish I bought that old house. 14. It’s time I go. 15. If Jack joins the team, I’m leaving. 16. Come what comes, I’ll be on your side. 17. I’d prefer you didn’t wait.18. Sue would rather reading than watching television.19. But for you helped us, we would have taken much longer. 20. I wish I didn’t listen to you before.

 

Exercise 21. Find the word which should not be in the sentence.

1. If you shall pay attention, maybe you’ll learn something. 2. If Tom is busy, will ask Sarah to help. 3. If only she had been caught that train. 4. It’s time we had announced the winner. 5. He’d better to pay off his debts before he buys a car. 6. I’d rather to write a project than sit an exam. 7. If only that I hadn’t lost my traveller’s cheques. 8. Suppose he had caught you stealing, what would you do? 9. Had if he known it was her birthday, he would have bought her a present. 10. Take my business card in case you will want to contact me.

 

Exercise 22. Complete the sentences using the words in bold.

 

1. Jo was about to get on the train when she realized it was the wrong one.

if Jo would have got on the train if she... hadn’t realized it was... the wrong one.

2. He didn’t go to the party because he didn’t know where it was.

known If … the party was, he would have gone.

3. I think you should have your hair cut.

were If … have my hair cut.

4. You’d think she was a film star.

though She behaves … a film star.

5. It would have been better if you had arrived on time.

only If … on time.

6. He shouldn’t have used my mug.

used I’d … my mug.

7. We should leave now if we want to get the bus.

time It’s … it we want to get the bus.

8. It would have been better if you hadn’t told her that.

only If … her that.

9. It’s a pity you missed the performance.

had I … the performance.

10. If John doesn’t turn up, we won’t be able to finish the project.

should We won’t be able to finish the project … up.

 

Exercise 23. Translate the following beginnings. Complete and analyze the sentences.

 

1. Странно, что... 2. Я обещаю проследить за тем, чтобы... 3. Абсолютно необходимо... 4. Мы предложили... 5. Казалось, что... 6. Вам кажется возможным, что...? 7. Я бы хотел, чтобы кто-нибудь... 8. Он очень боялся, как бы не... 9. Если бы не его странный ответ... 10. Она говорила медленно, как будто... 11. Я ни о чем не сообщал вам, чтобы не... 12. Им давно пора... 13. Как жаль, что... 14. Не кажется ли вам странным, что...? 15. Внезапно я почувствовал себя так, как будто... 16. Мне не слишком нравится ваше предложение...

 

Exercise 24. Translate the following beginnings. Complete and analyze the sentences.

 

1. Что бы вы сделали...? 2. Я позвонил вам, чтобы... 3. Если бы не ваше поведение... 4. Наши требования заключались в том, чтобы... 5. На вашем месте... 6. Ах, если бы только...! 7. Ваш страх, как бы не... 8. Мне очень не понравилась ее идея, что... 9. Что бы вам ответили, если...? 10. Она говорила шёпотом, чтобы не... 11. Я думаю, очень важно, чтобы... 12. Не может быть, чтобы... 13. Я сообщил вам об этом, чтобы вы могли... 14. Он скрипел зубами, как будто... 15. Мы настаивали на том, чтобы... 16. Вам давно пора …

 

Exercise 25. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English using the subjunctive mood. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Если бы вы сохранили письмо, всем было бы проще. 2. Жаль, что вы не сохранили письмо. 3. Он потребовал, чтобы я сохранил письмо. 4. Он считает естественным, что вы сохранили письмо. 5. Не делайте вид, будто вы не сохранили письмо. 6. Жаль, что вы не храните письма. 7. Если бы не ваше напоминание, я бы не сохранила это важное письмо. 8. Пора бы вам понять, что важные письма нужно хранить. 9. Ах, если бы вы сохранили то письмо! 10. Даже если бы вы сохранили то письмо, это вам не помогло бы. 11. Как он ни старался, он не смог вспомнить, сохранил ли он то письмо. 12. Если вы случайно вспомните, куда положили письмо, дайте мне знать. 13. Мне совершенно не нравится ваше предложение, чтобы я хранил все письма. 14. Странно, что вы не сохранили столь важное письмо, очень странно. 15. То, что вы не сохранили столь важное письмо, кажется мне очень странным. 16. Я сохраню это письмо, каковы бы ни были последствия. 17. Я жалею, что сохранил это письмо.

 

Exercise 26. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Он кинул беспокойный взгляд через плечо, словно кто-то за ним гнался, и снова посмотрел на часы. 2. Мы могли бы пойти в кино, если ты свободна. 3. Если дело дойдет до крайности, я могла бы пойти работать, правда? 4. Он словно провожал её в путешествие, провожал недалеко, остальной путь ей придётся проделать самой. 5. Секрет успеха заключается в том, чтобы видеть своих людей насквозь. 6. Вы так говорите, словно у вас в этом деле огромный опыт. 7. Ты говоришь так, будто я за тобой шпионю. 8. Ему казалось обид ным, что такая хорошенькая женщина смотрит на него с презрением. 9. Они волнуются, как бы вы не сорвались.10. Как жаль, что вы одна из них. 11. Положение было неприятное, как на него ни посмотри.12. Напрасно вы всё-таки дали честное слово! 13. Вы бы удивились, если бы узнали, насколько хорошо мы вас знаем. 14. Если мы узнаем, кто они, мы будем настаивать на том, чтобы их арестовали. 15. Что бы там ни говорил Том, мы вовсе не хотим, чтобы вы шли на бессмысленный риск. 16. Спасибо, что вы предоставили мне слово, какими бы мотивами вы ни руководствовались. 17. Он был в ужасном состоянии, бедняга. Если бы не это, я бы его сразу выгнал. 18. Если вдруг со мной что-нибудь случиться, вскройте это письмо. 19. Характерно (typical), что она не выказала ни малейшего удивления. 20. Мне ужасно не нравится, что вы зовёте его так.

 

*Exercise 27. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Гораздо безопаснее ничем не отличаться от других. 2. У меня есть интеллект и талант, как бы мал он ни был. 3. Уезжая из дома, я теперь никогда не говорю своим родственникам, куда я еду. Скажи я им — и все удовольствие пропало бы. 4. Я чувствовал бы себя несчастным, если бы не виделся с ней каждый день. Я без неё жить не могу. 5. Жаль, я тогда не знал, что он твой друг. 6. Глаза его блестели так радостно, словно он первый раз увидел себя. 7. Мне бы очень не хотелось, чтобы вы ссорились из-за этого. 8. Хотел бы я сам себе доверять! 9. — Она хорошенькая? — Ведёт себя так, будто она красавица. 10. — Я, к сожалению, не могу себе этого позволить. 11. — Я ничего не могу от вас скрыть. Даже если бы я когда-нибудь совершил преступление, я пришёл бы и признался вам. Вы бы поняли меня. 12. — Кажется, она знавала лучшие дни. 13. Ты рассуждаешь, как столетний старик. 14. Она поговорила с Томом, и он предложил ей обратиться к Джеку. 15. Я бы хотел, чтобы в следующий раз, когда тебе придет в голову навестить кого-то, ты сообщил бы мне об этом.

 

*Exercise 28. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. «Как жаль, что ты его не видела!» «Да, жаль». 2. Ей казалось невероятным, что с ним произошла такая перемена. 3. Ты убил её! Убил, всё равно что перерезал ножом горло. 4. Если бы вы женились на этой девушке, вы были бы несчастны.5. Не странно ли, что это первое письмо я писал именно ей. 6. Жалею, что в моей жизни не было ничего подобного. 7. Вы рассуждаете, как человек без сердца, не знающий жалости. 8. Даже если бы oн и рассказал людям правду — разве кто-нибудь поверил бы? 9. Комната выглядела так, будто в ней уже много лет никто не жил. 10. Он сделал движение, словно собираясь встать. 11. Казалось, его сердце готово было разорваться от радости. 12. Он пытался сказать что-то, как будто слова могли что-нибудь изменить. 13. Он боится рассказать мне об этом; боится, что я буду ревновать. 14. Я чувствую, что с кем-то из них вот-вот случится что-то ужасное (to be going to happen). 15. Он чувствовал, что с его души наконец свалилась (to be lifted) страшная тяжесть (a load).

 

*Exercise 29. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Он пытался делать вид, будто ничего особенного не происходит и с ним всё это ничего общего не имеет. 2. «Если бы не номер на двери, я бы подумал, что мы попали не туда». 3. «Не думаю, что лодка привязана», сказал он, «Мне кажется, что ее просто подогнали (to draw up) к берегу и оставили там». 4. «Кажется, мои сны начинают сбываться». 5. «Неизвестно, как вели бы себя вы на его месте». 6. «Жаль, что он не смог сделать наше жильё более комфортабельным». 7. «Что вы предлагаете делать дальше?» 8. «Жаль, что я начал говорить об этом». 9. «Они ведь говорили, что я могу выбирать свою долю сам. Я бы выбрал этот камень». 10. «Боюсь, как бы снова не началась драка». 11. Он предложил спрятать их в другой тюрьме, для их же собственной безопасности. 12. «Жаль, что я ничего не могу сделать». 13. «Я об этом не задумывался». «Вам не кажется, что пора подумать об этом?» 14. Том потребовал, чтобы они расплатились и ушли.

 

*Exercise 30. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses

 

1. Даже если бы он знал, как это сделать, такая попытка была бы невообразимо (inconceivably) опасной. 2. У него возникло такое чувство, будто он бредёт по лесу на океанском дне, заблудился среди чудищ и сам он – чудище. 3. Ему казалось, что только теперь он сделал бесповоротный шаг. 4. Он снова оглядел зал. Почти все люди были уродливыми – и были бы уродливыми даже если бы переоделись во что-нибудь другое. 5. Причин этого он не знал, но то, что дело обстояло именно так, казалось естественным; 6. Она посмотрела ему прямо в лицо и быстро прошла дальше, как будто не заметила его. 7. Несколько секунд он не мог сдвинуться с места. Она выследила его. Не может быть, чтобы она случайно забрела в тот же вечер на ту же улочку. 8. В тот миг, когда она упала на перевязанную руку, он сам как будто почувствовал боль. 9. Она говорила так, словно у неё сильно билось (to flutter) сердце. 10. Она пошла дальше – так бодро (briskly), как будто и впрямь ничего не случилось. 11. Важно было, что эта комната над лавкой старьёвщика (junk shop) существовала. 12. Она привыкла судить о людях по лицам, и ей казалось естественным, что Уинстон (Winston) поверил О’Брайену (O’Brien), лишь один раз переглянувшись с ним. 13. Как и все в отделе, он беспокоился о том, чтобы подделка была безупречной. 14. Каменные плиты (flagstones) были мокрые, как будто их только что вымыли.

 

*Exercise 31. Translate the following sentences from Russian into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Глаза его были прикованы к раскрытой книге, как будто он и в самом деле был погружён в эти печальные размышления. 2. Спаси нас Боже от праведных (the good) и не ведающих, что творят (the innocent). 3. О ней всегда говорили в третьем лице, как будто её при этом не было. 4. У меня было такое чувство, будто я стал мишенью в тире (a mark on a firing range). 5. «Я бы хотел, чтобы вы дали мне хоть какой-нибудь совет, Томас». 6. «Если бы только, — подумал я, — он не дал себя запутать с самого начала...» 7. «Жаль, что вы не можете на ней жениться...» 8. «Вы получили мое письмо?» «Да. Жаль, что вы его написали». 9. Она сняла с полки одну из своих книжек с картинками (picture books) и уселась с ней на кровать, словно наш разговор её совсем не касался. 10. «О, я знаю, у вас благородные намерения (good motives). Лучше бы у вас хоть изредка были дурные побуждения (bad motives). Вы бы тогда лучше разбирались в людях». 11. Меня словно предали. 12. «Я бы хотел, чтобы вы всё-таки сказали мне, почему вы думаете, что я замешан в этом деле». 13. У меня было такое чувство, как будто какой-то поэт принес мне свои стихи на суд (to criticize), а я по небрежности их уничтожил. 14. Теперь я жалел, что у меня не хватило мужества вернуть его и сказать: «Вы правы». 15. «Они подумали, что какое-то время мне лучше держаться подальше (to keep away)». 16. Как бы я хотел, чтобы существовал кто-нибудь, кому бы я мог сказать: «Мне жаль».

 

*Exercise 32. Translate the following sentences into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Я предлагаю всем собраться вместе и спокойно обсудить этот вопрос. 2. Вы настаиваете на том, чтобы мы все сдали свои курсовые работы перед последним зачетом? 3. Важно, чтобы все студенты приняли участие в этой работе. 4. Начальник экспедиции распорядился, чтобы все было готово к старту в 6 часов утра. 5. Необходимо, чтобы все оборудование было упаковано заранее. 6. Председатель рекомендовал представить все изменения к резолюции в письменной форме. 7. Его предложение заключалось в том, чтобы все мы высказали свое мнение, прежде чем принимать решение. 8. Он не высказывал предложения, чтобы мы хранили молчание. 9. Разве ты когда-нибудь предлагал, чтобы он провел этот опыт? Мне помнится, что был приказ, чтобы ты его делал один. 10. Библиотека требует вернуть книги до конца семестра. 11. Желательно, чтобы палата проветривалась каждый час. 12. Он хорошо знал предмет и не боялся, что ему зададут трудные вопросы. 13. Садовник опасался, что ранние морозы могут повредить молодым яблоням.

 

*Exercise 33. Translate the following sentences into English. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Принеси мне немного теплой воды, чтобы я могла помыть ребенка. 2. Если бы я знала ваш адрес, я бы давно написала вам письмо. 3. Жаль, что вы не смогли принять участие в нашем спектакле. Вы играете, как настоящий актер. 4. Я предлагаю, чтобы наша группа посмотрела новую комедию и обсудила ее на уроке английского языка. 5. Будь я на ее месте, я бы не рассчитывала ни на чью помощь и делала все сама. 6. Я принял бы приглашение только при условии, чтобы вы тоже туда пошли. 7. Желательно, чтобы все бумаги были готовы к понедельнику. Иначе мы не пошлем их на конгресс вовремя. 8. Вам бы лучше помолчать и не рассказывать о своих делах посторонним. Они вас поймут неверно. 9. Я была бы рада познакомиться с твоим братом. Если бы не завтрашняя контрольная, я пошла бы с вами. Очень жаль, что не могу. 10. Будь осторожен с ключом. Если ты вдруг потеряешь его, мы никогда не откроем сейф. 11. Мне предложили написать рецензию на эту книгу. 12. У моего мужа было намерение, чтобы мы поселились в Брайтоне. 13. Я спрятала газету под диванную подушку, чтобы Макс не увидел ее. 14. Если бы не его улыбка, я ничего не заподозрила бы. 15. Людям со слабым сердцем рекомендуется принимать эти пилюли два раза в день. 16. Как жаль, что я не знала, что тебе нужна эта книга. Я бы могла купить ее в Лондоне.

 

*Exercise 34 Translate the following into English using the appropriate means of expressing unreality. Define the types of sentences and clauses.

 

1. Было решено, что дети пойдут в зоопарк сразу после завтрака. 2. Я бы хотел, чтобы ты поменьше курила! 3. Он потребовал, чтобы с ним немедленно расплатились. 4. Жаль, что я не сказала правды. 5. Необходимо, чтобы ты взял отпуск на месяц. 6. Немного найдется людей, которые отнеслись бы так спокойно ко всему этому.

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