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Skeletal System. 7. Write down the key words from the texts and say what the skeletal system is made up of. Use the appendix 1.
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Skeletal System
The skeletal system is made up of bones joined together by cartilage and ligaments. The purpose of the skeletal system is to provide support for the body and protection for the brain and other soft organs of the body.
Bone is the main component of the skeletal system. It is composed of about 26% minerals. This mineral material is mostly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Another 50% of bone is water, 20% protein, and 4% fat.
The material inside bones is called bone marrow, and it produces blood cells. The growth and strength of bones are greatly affected by minerals and vitamins in animal rations.
7. Write down the key words from the texts and say what the skeletal system is made up of. Use the appendix 1.
Muscular System
The muscular system is the lean meat of the animal and the part of the body that is used for human consumption (food). The purposes of muscles are to provide for movement in cooperation with the skeletal system, and to support life.
Muscles may be voluntary or involuntary, depending on whether or not they can be physically controlled by the animal. Voluntary muscles can be controlled by animals to do such things as walk and eat food. Involuntary muscles operate in the body without control by the will of the animal and function even while the animal sleeps.
Muscles are composed largely of protein. Large amounts are required for the maintenance of the animal and for growth and reproduction. Proteins are nutrients made up of amino acids and are building blocks of muscles.
8. What is the important information the text is contented?
Circulatory System
The heart, veins, arteries, and lymph glands comprise the circulatory system. This system provides food and oxygen to the cells of the body and filters waste materials from the body. Lymph glands secrete disease-fighting materials from the body.
Vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates are all essential for the smooth running of the circulatory system. Carbohydrates are sugars and starches that supply energy to the animal.
9. Say in one sentence what does the circulatory system consist of?
Respiratory System
The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood of the animal. It is composed of the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. This system allows for breathing and makes use of the muscular and skeletal systems to draw air in and out of the lungs. Oxygen is then taken from the lungs and distributed to the cells of the body by the circulatory system.
10. What is the new information you have found out from the text?
Nervous System
The nervous system of animals is composed of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.
The central nervous system includes the brain and the spinal cord. It is responsible for coordinating the movements of animals and also responds to all of the senses. The senses are hearing, sight, smell, touch, and taste. The peripheral nervous system controls the functions of the body tissues, including the organs. The nerves transmit messages to the brain from the outer parts of the body.
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Because the nervous system is composed primarily of soft tissues, proteins are particularly important in maintaining its health.
11. Read the text, find the key words and write down the general idea of the text.
Urinary System
The function of the urinary system is to remove waste materials from the blood. The primary parts are the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. The kidneys also help regulate the makeup of blood and maintain other internal systems. Abnormal levels of proteins fed to animals have been known to cause stress to the urinary system, which rids the body of excess protein. Similarly, higher-than-recommended levels of minerals may also cause kidney problems.
12. What does the urinary system consist of?
Endocrine System
The endocrine or hormone system is a group of ductless glands that release hormones into the body. Hormones are chemicals that regulate many of the activities of the body. Some of these are growth, reproduction, milk production, and breathing rate. Hormones are needed in only very minute amounts. For example, only 1/100, 000, 000 g of oxytocin hormone will stimulate the almost immediate letdown of milk in females. Oxytocin is a hormone from the hypothalamus gland.
Proper levels of all nutrients, especially minerals, are important for the proper functioning of the endocrine system.
13. Is it true that hormone system is a group of ductless glands that release hormones into the body?
Digestive System
The digestive system of animals provides food for the body and for all of its systems. This system stores food temporarily, prepares food for use by the body, and removes waste products from the body.
There are three basic types of digestive systems in animals of agriscience importance. They are polygastric or ruminant, monogastric, and poultry.
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