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Ruminant System. Monogastric System. Poultry Digestive System. 14. How are the digestive systems of different animals differed?
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Ruminant System
Ruminants are classes of animals that have stomachs with more than one compartment. Cattle and sheep have multicompartment stomachs called rumens. These rumens can store very large amounts of roughages. A roughage is grass, hay, silage, or other high-fiber feed. Rumens have the ability to break down plant fibers and to use them for food far better than can animals that are not ruminants. Also manufactured in the digestive systems of ruminant animals are B-complex vitamins. Such vitamins need not be added to the diets of these animals, even though they are required by the body. It should be noted that calves do not develop true rumens until they are several months old and need to be fed like nonruminant animals.
Monogastric System
The digestive system of swine, horses, and many other animals is called monogastric. Monogastric means a stomach with one compartment. The stomachs of swine and horses are relatively small and can store only small amounts of food at any one time. Most of the digestion takes place in the small intestines. Monogastric animals are unable to break down large amounts of roughages. Therefore, their rations must be higher in concentrates. Concentrates are grains low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients. Also included in the diets of monogastric animals must be B-complex vitamins, since they cannot make such vitamins in their digestive systems.
Poultry Digestive System
Although poultry have monogastric digestive systems, there are enough differences to treat them separately. Chickens have no teeth and must swallow their food whole. The food is stored in a crop and passed on to the gizzard, where it is ground up. It then passes on to the small intestine for digestion. Poultry rations must be high in food value because they have no true stomach and have very little room for storage of food that has been eaten.
14. How are the digestive systems of different animals differed?
15. Translate the sentences into Russian, don’t use the dictionary: 1) To this end, proper nutrition is a must. 2) The purpose of the skeletal system is to provide support for the body and protection for the brain and other soft organs of the body. 3) Muscles may be voluntary or involuntary, depending on whether or not they can be physically controlled by the animal. 4) Vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates are all essential for the smooth running of the circulatory system. 5) Vitamins, minerals, proteins, and carbohydrates are all essential for the smooth running of the circulatory system. 6) The respiratory system provides oxygen to the blood of the animal. 7) Chickens have no teeth and must swallow their food whole. 8) The stomachs of swine and horses are relatively small and can store only small amounts of food at any one time. 9) Ruminants are classes of animals that have stomachs with more than one compartment. 10) The primary parts are the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra.
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16. Find the composition of the systems:
| Skeletal System | chickens have no teeth and must swallow their food whole. |
| Poultry Digestive System | the nostrils, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs |
| Ruminant System | a group of ductless glands that release hormones into the body |
| Monogastric System | the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra |
| Endocrine System | the brain and the spinal cord |
| Urinary System | a stomach with one compartment |
| Nervous System | stomachs with more than one compartment |
| Respiratory System | the lean meat of the animal and the part of the body that is used for human consumption (food) |
| Circulatory System | the heart, veins, arteries, and lymph glands |
| Muscular System | bones joined together by cartilage and ligaments |
17. Find the phrases in the text, read the sentences with them: internal functions, vital processes, various body systems, soft organs, bone marrow, blood cells, lean meat, human consumption, lymph glands, waste materials, spinal cord, abnormal levels, higher-than-recommended levels, ductless glands, breathing rate, hypothalamus gland, proper levels, basic types.
18. Insert is or are (см. Приложение 5): 1) There … three basic types of digestive systems in animals of agriscience importance. 2) Although poultry have monogastric digestive systems, there … enough differences to treat them separately. 3) There … many subjects in our curriculum: anatomy, chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, biology and others. 4) There is … endocrine or hormone system. 5)There …chemicals that regulate many of the activities of the body.
Test for unit 5
1. The … system is a group of ductless glands that release hormones into the body.
А) endocrine
Б) circulatory
В) digestive
Г) muscular
2. The internal functions and vital processes of animals and their organs are referred to as animal …
А) nervous system
Б) respiratory system
В) physiology
Г) muscles
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