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P222. The principle of Democritus
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P222. The principle of Democritus
The fundamental essences of Being are the quanta of matter and the existing spaces. Everything else that exists is derived from these fundamental entities, for: "... in reality, they are atoms and emptiness. " (2. 10. 1. ) 222
Without this idea of Democritus ("... in reality - atoms and emptiness" ), we ourselves would not have come to this. This is a difficult philosophical question. But now everything is simple: force, speed, momentum, mass, charge and energy have never been and will never be fundamental entities.
Material objects are made of matter, and bodily objects are made of corporeality. That is, matter is the next level of organization of Being after corporeality. The lowest is the bodily level. Paraphrasing Democritus, we can say: " in reality, the quanta of corporeality, space and hyperspace. "
2008-12-21
4. Spatial determinations of a material object, in each of its states, necessarily belong to the object. Each material particle (material point) of an object must inherit the geometric parameters of the point in space in which it is now located. That, in fact, is the necessary reason for the spatial quantities of a material object.
But at the same time these same spatial parameters necessarily belong to this point in space. And any point in space is indestructible and belongs only to space. A point in space never leaves its place.
P223. The principle of objectivity of spatial quantity
All spatial quantities of a material object simultaneously belong to space, since only it is their primary source. (2. 10. 1. ) 223
5. The set of physical parameters of a material object. Both the corporeality and the fields of each elementary particle of any material object simultaneously belong to it and to Being.
P224. The principle of the amount of substance
All quantities belonging to the elements of a material object, simultaneously belong to the object itself. (2. 10. 1. ) 224
NUMBER
The standard unit of any physical quantity is the standard. STANDARD [fr. Etalon] - 1) an exemplary measure (or measuring device) used to reproduce, store and transfer units of measurement with the highest achievable accuracy in a given state of science and technology; 2) a measure, a sample for comparison with smth. " (Dictionary of foreign words. M., " Soviet Encyclopedia", 1964)
The standard is accepted as a unit of a particular physical quantity. Moreover, it was adopted as a result of the agreement. You can measure the length of an object in meters, feet, millimeters, etc., and the numerical certainty of the object being measured will be different. But the length of the object will not change from this. The length of an object is its quantity. The length of some standard is a conventional unit of quantity, but it is also a quantity. The ratio of the number of an object to a unit quantity of a standard gives a number.
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P225
The standard is the instrument of conformity of measurement data of any physical quantity to it. The number (factor) is the result of the relationship between the quantity being measured and the reference quantity. Discrete quantities are carriers of discrete numbers. (2. 10. 1. ) 225
A number is not a quantity, since it does not have its own physical dimension.
PRINCIPLE OF OBJECTIVITY OF QUANTITIES
The necessary continuous changes in the material object are the cause of the necessary changes and its quantities. But continuous changes in an object can always be represented as a sequential series of its states. And a material object in each of its definite states already has its own discrete quantities.
P226. The principle of objectivity of quantity
Any amount of existence is necessarily a certain physical quantity, which is necessarily discrete in any extremely brief moment of its existence. It necessarily does not depend on its measurement or on the observer. (2. 10. 1. ) 226
Discreteness of any changing amount of a material object is a necessary consequence of the necessary discreteness of this material object in each of its states.
QUANTITY DEFINITIONS
Aristotlequite accurately defined quantity as “a certain something”: “Quantity is what is divisible into component parts, each of which, whether there are two or more, is by nature something one and a certain something. Any quantity is a plurality if it is countable, and a magnitude if measurable. A set is called that which is divisible into parts that are not continuous in the possibility of being divisible, and what is divisible into parts that are continuous; and of the quantities continuous in one direction is length, continuous in two directions - width, continuous in three directions - depth" (Aristotle. Works. T. 1. M., " Thought", 1975. With 164)
Marxist philosophy did not say anything intelligible about the essence of quantity at all: “ QUANTITY, a category of materialistic dialectics, reflecting the general and homogeneous qualities of things and phenomena, due to which they turn out to be comparable. Since quality finds its expression in properties, only the same properties can be compared quantitatively (for example, the weight of bodies, their volume, temperature, etc. ). Quantitative research becomes possible only after the qualitative knowledge of objects and phenomena, the discovery of homogeneous qualities in them, and this is inevitably connected with their abstraction from other characteristics" (Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. M.: Soviet. Encyclopedia, 1989) She simply linked the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the subject. And that is all.
Yes, and Hegel is no better: “So, first, quantity, as such, appears as something opposed to quality. But quantity itself is a certain quality, a certainty in general that correlates with itself, distinct from another certainty for it, from quality as such. However, it is not only a certain quality, but the truth of the quality itself is quantity; quality proved to be passing into quantity” (Hegel G. V. F. Science of Logic. T. 1. M., " Mysl", 1970. p. 414) As they say, water is dark.
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2008-12-19
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