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Indications Contraindications
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Sources:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_diagnosis
http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/diagnosis-and-treatment/diagnosis/?region=qc
https://www.healthline.com/health/administration-of-medication#takeaway
https://www.healthline.com/health/intravenous-medication-administration#takeaway
https://www.healthline.com/health/drug-interactions
https://patient.info/doctor/history-and-physical-examination
https://www.wisconsin.edu/workers-compensation/coordinators/osha-record/medical-treatment/
https://www.verywellhealth.com/medical-treatment-four-goals-2615451
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/consent-to-treatment/
https://www.gosh.nhs.uk/medical-information-0/medicines-information/types-medicines
https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/nhs-services-and-treatments/do-i-have-the-right-to-refuse-treatment/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/medicalburden.shtml
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_therapy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cure
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medication
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug
Extension video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_kkgEzm-08g Pharmacy in Outpatient Clinic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T7hS-HGuBgc administering eardrops
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xZbcwi7SfZE antibiotics
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mF3j-CPrZIs Medical Case History Taking and Differential Diagnosis trailer
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OneJMqvEC9w How to make a clinical diagnosis: a step by step guide
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MsbEC22SpQ Virtual Tour: Bon Air Therapy Center - Children's Hospital of Richmond at VCU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9uigh9UAVY gene therapy
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L3mK9KoBwb4 How Do You Approach the Diagnosis of a Patient in Internal Medicine? | Oxford Academic
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUdsgQGHSR8 Sensory Processing Disorder: Occupational Therapy Demonstration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWHrNCfVMfs Canadians waiting longer than ever for medical treatment: report
We take medications t o diagnose, treat, or prevent illness. They come in lots of different forms and we take them in many different ways. You may take a drug yourself, or a healthcare provider may give it to you. Drugs can be dangerous, though, even when they’re meant to improve our health. Taking them correctly and understanding the right way to administer them can reduce the risks. To start, let’s talk about the different ways drugs can be administered. You’re probably familiar with injections and pills that you swallow, but medications can be given in many other ways as well.
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| Route | Explanation |
| buccal | held inside the cheek |
| enteral | delivered directly into the stomach or intestine (with a G-tube or J-tube) |
| inhalable | breathed in through a tube or mask |
| infused | injected into a vein with an IV line and slowly dripped in over time |
| intramuscular | injected into muscle with a syringe |
| intrathecal | injected into your spine |
| intravenous | injected into a vein or into an IV line |
| nasal | given into the nose by spray or pump |
| ophthalmic | given into the eye by drops, gel, or ointment |
| oral | swallowed by mouth as a tablet, capsule, lozenge, or liquid |
| otic | given by drops into the ear |
| rectal | inserted into the rectum |
| subcutaneous | injected just under the skin |
| sublingual | held under the tongue |
| topical | applied to the skin |
| transdermal | given through a patch placed on the skin |
Therapy
Therapy (tx, Tx),comes via Latin therapīa from Greek: θεραπεία and literally means "curing" or "healing", is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis. In the medical field, it is usually synonymous with treatment. As a rule, each therapy has indications and contraindications.
The words care, therapy, treatment, and intervention overlap in a semantic field, and thus they can be synonymous depending on context. Moving rightward through that order, the connotative level of holism decreases and the level of specificity (to concrete instances) increases. Thus, in health care contexts (where its senses are always noncount), the word care tends to imply a broad idea of everything done to protect or improve someone's health (for example, as in the terms preventive care and primary care, which connote ongoing action), although it sometimes implies a narrower idea (for example, in the simplest cases of wound care or postanesthesia care, a few particular steps are sufficient, and the patient's interaction with that provider is soon finished). In contrast, the word intervention tends to be specific and concrete, and thus the word is often countable; for example, one instance of cardiac catheterization is one intervention performed, and coronary car (noncount) can require a series of interventions (count). At the extreme, the piling on of such countable interventions amounts to interventionism, a flawed model of care lacking holistic circumspection—merely treating discrete problems (in billable increments) rather than maintaining health. Therapy and treatment, in the middle of the semantic field, can connote either the holism of care or the discreteness of intervention, with context conveying the intent in each use. Accordingly, they can be used in both noncount and count senses (for example, therapy for chronic kidney disease can involve several dialysis treatments per week).
Treatment decisions often follow formal or informal algorithmic guidelines. Treatment options can often be ranked or prioritized into lines of therapy: first-line therapy, second-line therapy, third-line therapy, and so on. First-line therapy (sometimes called induction therapy, primary therapy, or front-line therapy) is the first therapy that will be tried. Its priority over other options is usually either: (1) formally recommended on the basis of clinical trial evidence for its best-available combination of efficacy, safety, and tolerability or (2) chosen based on the clinical experience of the physician. If a first-line therapy either fails to resolve the issue or produces intolerable side effects, additional (second-line) therapies may be substituted or added to the treatment regimen, followed by third-line therapies, and so on. Often multiple therapies may be tried simultaneously (combination therapy or polytherapy). Thus combination chemotherapy is also called polychemotherapy, whereas chemotherapy with one agent at a time is called single-agent therapy or monotherapy.
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Adjuvant therapy is therapy given in addition to the primary, main, or initial treatment, but simultaneously (as opposed to second-line therapy). Neoadjuvant thera py is therapy that is begun before the main therapy. Thus one can consider surgical excision of a tumor as the first-line therapy for a certain type and stage of cancer even though radiotherapy is used before it; the radiotherapy is neoadjuvant (chronologically first but not primary in the sense of the main event). Premedication is conceptually not far from this, but the words are not interchangeable; cytotoxic drugs to put a tumor "on the ropes" before surgery delivers the "knockout punch" are called neoadjuvant chemotherapy, not premedication, whereas things like anesthetics or prophylactic antibiotics before dental surgery are called premedication.
Step therapy or stepladder therapy is a specific type of prioritization by lines of therapy. It is controversial in American health care because unlike conventional decision-making about what constitutes first-line, second-line, and third-line therapy, which in the U.S. reflects safety and efficacy first and cost only according to the patient's wishes, step therapy attempts to mix cost containment by someone other than the patient (third-party payers) into the algorithm.
Project work
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